"In vitro antimicrobial and synergistic effect of fermented Indian zebu (Sahiwal) cow colostrum whey derived peptides with Lactobacillus rhamnosus against pathogenic bacteria".

2023-06-16
Journal of food science and technology 60(10)
- Daraksha Iram
- Manish Singh Sansi
- Sunita Meena
- Anil Kumar Puniya
- Shilpa Vij

PubMed: 37599850
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05776-2

Study Design

Population: a selection of strains, including E. coli ATCC25922, S. aureus MTCC1144, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978, as well as clinically isolated resistant strains of E. coli (ESBL 1384), Acinetobacter 1379, and S. aureus (MRSA 1418)
Methods: Bioactive peptides were generated from bovine colostrum whey using the proteolytic activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus C25 through batch fermentation, then peptide fractions were evaluated for antibacterial efficacy, membrane permeability (crystal violet assay), and synergistic tests with antibiotics using the checkerboard method

Bioactive peptides (BAPs) have been found to promote health through various mechanisms. Among them, antimicrobial peptides are gaining recognition as promising novel treatments. This study aims to generate BAPs from bovine colostrum whey using the proteolytic activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus C25 and to evaluate their potential antibacterial efficacy, including their ability to synergistic efficacy against resistant bacteria. Bioactive peptides were successfully generated from lactobacillus culture proteases that were cultivated through batch fermentation. The resulting peptide fractions were then evaluated for their antibacterial efficacy against a selection of strains, including E. coli ATCC25922, S. aureus MTCC1144, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978, as well as clinically isolated resistant strains of E. coli (ESBL 1384), Acinetobacter 1379, and S. aureus (MRSA 1418). Notably, the peptide fractions with a molecular weight of < 10 kDa (0-10 kDa) significantly increased the membrane permeability of both E. coli (70.30 ± 0.41%) and S. aureus (63.04 ± 0.31%) as assessed by the crystal violet assay. The checkerboard method was utilized to perform synergistic tests with peptides and antibiotics. The peptide fractions with a molecular weight of (< 10 kDa) demonstrated synergistic effects with several antibiotics, including gentamycin, Rifampicin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Chloramphenicol, against the resistant ESBL 1384 strain, as indicated by ΣFICI values of 0.55, 0.53, 0.52, 0.54, and 0.52, respectively. Furthermore, the HT-29 cell line remained completely unaffected by both peptide fractions. These findings suggest that the < 10 kDa peptide fraction possesses significant antibacterial efficacy against both reference and ESBL 1384 resistant bacterial strain. Additionally, both MRSA 1418 and Acinetobacter 1379 displayed resistance to all fractions tested. To summarize the findings of this study, colostrum whey peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity can be efficiently produced through fermentation. This method could prove valuable for both the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05776-2.

Research Insights

Kefir Culture→Enhanced Antibacterial Effect
The peptide fractions with a molecular weight of (< 10 kDa) demonstrated synergistic effects with several antibiotics... against the resistant ESBL 1384 strain
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Kefir Culture→Increased Bacterial Membrane Permeability
The peptide fractions with a molecular weight of less than 10 kDa (0-10 kDa) significantly increased the membrane permeability of both E. coli (70.30 ± 0.41%) and S. aureus (63.04 ± 0.31%)
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Kefir Culture→Reduced Bacterial Load
The peptide fractions with a molecular weight of < 10 kDa (0-10 kDa) significantly increased the membrane permeability of both E. coli (70.30 ± 0.41%) and S. aureus (63.04 ± 0.31%)... [and] demonstrated synergistic effects with several antibiotics ... against the resistant ESBL 1384 strain
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Kefir Culture→Synergistic Antibiotic Effect
The peptide fractions with a molecular weight of (< 10 kDa) demonstrated synergistic effects with several antibiotics... against the resistant ESBL 1384 strain, as indicated by ΣFICI values of 0.55, 0.53, 0.52, 0.54, and 0.52, respectively.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate