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The effects of soy protein and soy isoflavones intake on chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

  • 2024-11-29
  • International urology and nephrology 57(5)
    • Yu Zhixiang
    • Xu Yongxing
    • Liu Juan
    • Yang Qing
    • Lu Yangyang
    • Zhen Zhangrui
    • Gao Yuehua

Study Design

Type
Meta-Analysis
Sample size
n = 522
Population
individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Methods
structured electronic search on Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials; mean differences calculated for net changes using random-effects models

Purpose

Existing literatures on the potential impact of soy protein consumption on kidney function present conflicting findings. In this study, a meta-analysis has been conducted to assess the impact of soy protein consumption in comparison to animal protein consumption among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods

A structured electronic search was conducted on Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials published up to March 2024. The outcome measures were serum creatinine (SCR), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), calcium (Ca), C-reactive protein, proteinuria, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid (UA) and phosphorus concentrations. Mean differences were calculated for net changes using random-effects models.

Results

Eighteen trials with a total of 522 participants were included in this systematic review. The results showed that consumption of soy protein led to a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, and proteinuria levels. The average reduction was  - 20.55 mg/dL (95% CI  - 38.25,  - 2.85 mg/dL) for total cholesterol (P = 0.02),  - 8.26 mg/dL (95% CI  - 13.35,  - 3.17 mg/dL; P = 0.001) for LDL and  - 140.53 (95% CI  - 205.83,  - 75.23 mg/day) for proteinuria. No statistically significant impact was observed on serum creatinine, triglycerides, calcium, C-reactive protein, HDL, uric acid, or phosphorus levels.

Conclusion

The findings of the meta-analysis showed a potential protective impact of soy protein intake on hyperlipidemia and proteinuria in CKD patients. It is important to note that the evidence presented may be of limited accuracy due to relatively small number of trials and participants.

Research Insights

  • Soy Protein→Reduced LDL Level

    consumption of soy protein led to a significant decrease in... LDL... The average reduction was -8.26 mg/dL (95% CI -13.35, -3.17 mg/dL; P = 0.001)

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Moderate
  • Soy Protein→Reduced Proteinuria

    consumption of soy protein led to a significant decrease in... proteinuria... The average reduction was -140.53 (95% CI -205.83, -75.23 mg/day) for proteinuria

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Large
  • Soy Protein→Reduced Total Cholesterol

    consumption of soy protein led to a significant decrease in total cholesterol... The average reduction was -20.55 mg/dL (95% CI -38.25, -2.85 mg/dL) for total cholesterol (P = 0.02)

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Moderate
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