Vitamin E intake and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review.

2023-07-13
Frontiers in public health 11
- Tianyi Zhang
- Xianyanling Yi
- Jin Li
- Xiaonan Zheng
- Hang Xu
- Dazhou Liao
- Jianzhong Ai

PubMed: 37522003
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1035674

Study Design

Type: Systematic Review
Methods: We systematically searched various databases, such as PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science, to identify related meta-analyses of observational studies and randomized trials. We estimated the effect size of each association by using the random or fixed effects models and the 95% confidence intervals. We used standard approaches to evaluate the quality of the articles (AMSTAR) and classified the evidence into different levels of quality (GRADE).

Background

The benefits of vitamin E (VE) for multiple health outcomes have been well evaluated in many recent studies.

Objective

The purpose of this umbrella review was to conduct a systematic evaluation of the possible associations between VE intake and various health outcomes.

Methods

We systematically searched various databases, such as PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science, to identify related meta-analyses of observational studies and randomized trials. We estimated the effect size of each association by using the random or fixed effects models and the 95% confidence intervals. We used standard approaches to evaluate the quality of the articles (AMSTAR) and classified the evidence into different levels of quality (GRADE).

Results

A total of 1,974 review articles were searched, and 27 articles with 28 health outcomes were yielded according to our exclusion criteria. The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, age-related cataracts, metabolic syndrome, and fracture. Overall, most of the quality of the evidence was low or very low. Three outcomes (stroke, age-related cataracts, obesity) were identified as having a "moderate" level of quality. The AMSTAR scores for all health outcomes ranged from 5 to 10.

Conclusion

Our study revealed that VE intake is beneficially related to multiple health outcomes. However, future studies on recommended doses and recommended populations of VE are also needed.

Systematic review registration

http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022339571.

Research Insights

Vitamin E→Reduced Age-Related Cataract Risk
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, age-related cataracts, metabolic syndrome, and fracture.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Bladder Cancer Risk
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, age-related cataracts, metabolic syndrome, and fracture.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Breast Cancer Risk
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, age-related cataracts, metabolic syndrome, and fracture.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Cancer Risk
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, age-related cataracts, metabolic syndrome, and fracture.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Cardiovascular Disease Risk
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, age-related cataracts, metabolic syndrome, and fracture.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Cervical Neoplasm Risk
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, age-related cataracts, metabolic syndrome, and fracture.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Depression Risk
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, age-related cataracts, metabolic syndrome, and fracture.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Diastolic Blood Pressure
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Esophageal Cancer Risk
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of esophageal cancer
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Fracture Risk
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, age-related cataracts, metabolic syndrome, and fracture.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Gastric Cancer Risk
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, age-related cataracts, metabolic syndrome, and fracture.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Kidney Cancer Risk
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, age-related cataracts, metabolic syndrome, and fracture.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Lung Cancer Risk
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, age-related cataracts, metabolic syndrome, and fracture.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Metabolic Syndrome Risk
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, age-related cataracts, metabolic syndrome, and fracture.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Obesity
Three outcomes (stroke, age-related cataracts, obesity) were identified as having a 'moderate' level of quality.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Pancreatic Cancer Risk
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, age-related cataracts, metabolic syndrome, and fracture.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Parkinson's Disease Risk
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, age-related cataracts, metabolic syndrome, and fracture.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Risk of Age-Related Cataracts
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of age-related cataracts
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Risk of Cervical Neoplasm
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of cervical neoplasms
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Risk of Gastric Cancer
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of gastric cancer
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Risk of Lung Cancer
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of lung cancer
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Risk of Pancreatic Cancer
The intake of VE was inversely associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Vitamin E→Reduced Stroke Risk
Three outcomes (stroke, age-related cataracts, obesity) were identified as having a 'moderate' level of quality.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small