Vitamin B12 Supplementation: Is More Always Better?
- 2026-05-18
- Review
- Nutrients 18(10)
- Manuela Yepes-Calderón
- Caecilia S E Doorenbos
- Mariken E Stegmann
- Daan J Touw
- Hermie J M Harmsen
- M Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Francjan J van Spronsen
- Eva Corpeleijn
- Stephan J L Bakker
- PubMed: 42197057
- DOI: 10.3390/nu18101597
- Moderate evidence
- Rigorous Journal
Overall, supplementation has not shown consistent benefits in populations without overt clinical or biochemical B12 deficiency, with no clear improvements in fatigue, mood, cognition, or cardiovascular outcomes.
- Effect
- Neutral
- Effect size
- Small
- Significant
- No
- Dose
- 0.02 to 1 mg/day orally and 1 to 5 mg/week intramuscularly, durations ~4 weeks to ~7 years