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Evidence-Based Supplement Research
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Vitamin D and Reduced HOMA-IR

Research synthesisModerate evidenceSmall effect4 studies · 3 beneficial · 1 neutral · 0 harmful

Across 4 meta-analyses, 3 reported beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on reducing HOMA-IR, with effect sizes ranging from small to moderate. The one neutral study also noted a statistically significant reduction for vitamin D2 compared to D3, but the overall effect was classified as neutral. Evidence is drawn exclusively from clinical populations including obese children, patients with diabetes/prediabetes, and those with MAFLD. No consistent dose range or study duration was reported across studies.

  • Studied populations: obese/overweight children and adolescents, patients with diabetes and prediabetes, patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)

Caveats: Available evidence is overwhelmingly positive — clinical literature in this area is subject to publication bias (null-result studies are less likely to be published or indexed). All four studies are meta-analyses, which strengthens the evidence base but also introduces potential overlap in primary studies. The neutral study actually found a significant benefit for vitamin D2 over D3, suggesting that the form of vitamin D may influence the effect on HOMA-IR — most included studies did not specify the form used.

Generated May 13, 2026
4 of 4 papers
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