Research synthesisModerate evidenceMixed effect size4 studies · 2 beneficial · 2 neutral · 0 harmful
Across 4 studies, 2 reported beneficial effects on triglycerides (moderate effect in one meta-analysis, small in another), while 2 found neutral effects (small effect size). The overall effect direction is mixed, with no clear predominant effect size (small to moderate). Evidence primarily derives from meta-analyses and systematic reviews in clinical populations, including postmenopausal women and patients with type 2 diabetes, but doses and forms were not consistently reported.
- Studied populations: postmenopausal women, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Caveats: Many of the included studies did not reach statistical significance — effect may be smaller than the predominant direction suggests. Evidence base is small (only 4 studies) — conclusions should be considered preliminary. The two beneficial studies were statistically significant, but one was limited to a meta-analysis of 337 participants while another systematic review found no effect in a similar population, indicating inconsistency.
Generated Jun 15, 2026