Across 3 studies, all reported beneficial effects (predominantly small) of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-02 on reducing inflammation markers such as CRP and TNF-α, with no neutral or harmful findings. The strongest evidence (evidence score 7) comes from a large meta-analysis in subjects with type 2 diabetes (n=3,390), showing small beneficial effects on inflammation. No consistent dose range or study duration was reported across the studies.

• Studied populations: subjects with Type 2 diabetes, women with gestational diabetes mellitus, patients with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, mild cognitive impairment)

Caveats: Evidence is limited to 3 studies, none of which reported statistically significant findings. The two smaller reviews (evidence scores of 1) have very limited sample sizes (n=16 or unreported) and focus on broader probiotic effects, making it difficult to isolate the specific contribution of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-02. The top study is a meta-analysis but did not extract dose or form data, and no study duration was consistently reported.