Lactobacillus salivarius results in enhanced immune response after IBDV vaccine immunization, enhanced specific antibody and IFN-γ production, and lymphocyte proliferation.
AR809 significantly increased phagocytosis and bactericidal activity, reduced the production of inflammatory mediators (intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide (NO), inducible NOS (iNOS)) and the expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)), and induced macrophages to adopt the M2 phenotype.
Both probiotics ameliorated macroscopic colonic damage. They improved the colonic expression of markers involved in the immune response, and the expression of miR-155 and miR-223.