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Effect of a gut commensal Lactobacillus strain Limosilactobacillus caviae JL20 on leptospiral whole-cell inactivated vaccine in hamsters.

  • 2026-02-03
  • PLoS neglected tropical diseases 20(2)
    • Shilei Zhang
    • Lianjie Ma
    • Qi Cao
    • Meijing Zhang
    • Guixin Yan
    • Wanqi Jiang
    • Xufeng Xie
    • Wenlong Zhang
    • Yongguo Cao

Study Design

Population
hamsters
Methods
Oral Limosilactobacillus caviae JL20 presented adjuvant-like effects to potentiate leptospiral vaccine efficacy; survival assessment and in vivo experiments assessed vaccine-induced immune responses and cross-protection.
  • Animal Study
Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic threat caused by pathogenic Leptospira, and it remains challenging to combat because of persistent bottlenecks in vaccine development. The lack of well-defined protective antigens across Leptospira serovars continues to necessitate reliance on whole-cell inactivated vaccines, despite their recognized limitations: suboptimal efficacy and the absence of cross-serovar protection. In this study, we presented a Limosilactobacillus caviae (L. caviae) JL20 that significantly potentiated leptospiral vaccine efficacy through adjuvant-like effects. Survival assessment of hamsters demonstrated that JL20 enhances both vaccine efficacy and cross-protection. Oral JL20 significantly increased vaccine-induced cross-reactive binding antibody titers and total IgG antibody responses. In addition, JL20 exerted a priming effect in splenic macrophages, augmenting the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in response to leptospiral vaccine stimulation, with a parallel enhancement in glycolytic activity. In vivo experiments demonstrated that JL20 significantly upregulated the expression of surface molecules CD38, CD69, and CD25 on T cells, as well as the production of the cytokine IL-2. JL20 enhanced the surface expression of key markers-including CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC-II-on B cells. These effects indicate that JL20 enhances both cellular and humoral immune responses of leptospiral vaccine.

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