l-carnitine downregulate the muscle wasting effect of glucocorticoids in pemphigus patient: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.

2023-04
Physiological reports 11(8)
- Zeinab Noormohammadi
- Hana Arghavani
- Mohammadhasan Javanbakht
- Maryam Daneshpazhooh
- Mahmood Jalili

PubMed: 37078370
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15657

Study Design

Type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
Population: 44 pemphigus patients aged from 30 to 65 years, receiving glucocorticoid therapy
Methods: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 2 g/d l-carnitine or placebo for 8 weeks, evaluation of serum markers (IGF-1, creatine kinase, myogenin, myostatin)
Blinding: Double-blind
Duration: 8 weeks
Funding: Unclear

Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is a blistering autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 and 3. Treatment options are limited to corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. The myotoxic effect of glucocorticoids is a fact that has been elucidated. So, the development of efficacious treatment approaches to combat muscle wasting is of great importance. Considering the adverse effect of glucocorticoid therapy in pemphigus patients and altered muscle metabolism, this study aimed to investigate the effect of l-carnitine supplementation which can be useful in combating muscle-wasting impact of glucocorticoid therapy. In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial 44 pemphigus patients aged from 30 to 65 years, receiving glucocorticoid therapy were selected to evaluate the suitability of l-carnitine (LC) as an anti-wasting substance. Patients were randomly divided into two groups to receive 2 g/d l-carnitine or placebo for 8 weeks; serum markers of muscle metabolism (IGF-1, creatine kinase, myogenin, myostatin) was evaluated before and after the l-carnitine supplementation. Paired T-test was used to analyze the differences between variables before and after the intervention. Therefore, the student's t-test was performed to find any differences in baseline characteristics and dietary intakes between the trial groups. LC intake led to a significant rise in serum IGF-1 and a reduction in CK and myostatin levels compared to baseline (p < 0.05) but there were no significant inter-group differences in IGF-1 and CK levels; There was also a significant reduction in myostatin level in LC group (p < 0/05). Myogenin levels decreased in both LC and placebo groups but the decrease in the placebo group was significant (p = 0/008); it means LC prevent the myogenin decreasing trend in the LC group compared to placebo. In conclusion, LC supplementation beneficially changes the level of IGF-1 and myostatin and improves muscle metabolism and regeneration in PV patients.

Research Insights

L-Carnitine→Increased IGF-1 Level
LC intake led to a significant rise in serum IGF-1 and a reduction in CK and myostatin levels compared to baseline (p<0.05) but there were no significant inter-group differences in IGF-1 and CK levels
Effect
Neutral
Effect size
Small
Dose
2 g/day
L-Carnitine→Increased Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Level
there were no significant inter-group differences in IGF-1 and CK levels;
Effect
Neutral
Effect size
Small
Dose
2 g/d
L-Carnitine→Increased Myogenin Level
Myogenin levels decreased in both LC and placebo groups but the decrease in the placebo group was significant (p = 0/008); it means LC prevent the myogenin decreasing trend in the LC group compared to placebo.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Dose
2 g/d
L-Carnitine→Reduced Abdominal Pain
Myogenin levels decreased in both LC and placebo groups but the decrease in the placebo group was significant (p = 0/008); it means LC prevent the myogenin decreasing trend in the LC group compared to placebo.
Effect
Neutral
Effect size
Small
Dose
2 g/d
L-Carnitine→Reduced Creatine Kinase Level
there were no significant inter-group differences in IGF-1 and CK levels;
Effect
Neutral
Effect size
Small
Dose
2 g/d
L-Carnitine→Reduced Myostatin Level
LC intake led to a significant rise in serum IGF-1 and a reduction in CK and myostatin levels compared to baseline (p < 0.05); There was also a significant reduction in myostatin level in LC group (p < 0/05).
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Dose
2 g/d

Adverse Events Reported

L-Carnitine→Overall tolerability
The abstract does not report any adverse events, side effects, or safety findings. It only reports efficacy/ biomarker outcomes (IGF-1, CK, myostatin, myogenin levels). No tolerability statement is made.
Finding
Reported