Recapitulation of Evidence of Phytochemical, Pharmacokinetic and Biomedical Application of Silybin.

2021-07-27
Drug research 71(09)
- Anas Islam
- Anuradha Mishra
- Md Aftab Siddiqui
- Saman Siddiquie

PubMed: 34318464
DOI: 10.1055/a-1528-2721

Study Design

Type: Review

Silymarin is a standardized extract obtained from seeds of Silybum marianum (SM) belonging to the family Asteraceae. It is a flavonolignan complex and consists of various compounds like silybin A silybin B, isosilybin A, isosilybin B, silydianin, silychristin and isosilychristin. Silybin is the major active component present in 60-70% of the silymarin extract. It has been used traditionally for the treatment of various liver disorders like cirrhosis, jaundice, and hepatitis. Silymarin possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and is responsible for its antitumor activity. Other than hepatoprotective effect SM also possesses renoprotective, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerosis and cardioprotective effects. Rather antimicrobial property of silymarin was observed against specific microbes, fungi, and viruses. This manuscript covered recent preclinical and clinical evidence of specific components silybin, responsible for its efficacy and about clinical studies has been conducted so far, which proven it's safety and offers mild effect like nausea, diarrhea and bloating. This review specifically focused on recent updates on its active components therapeutic applications against complicated ailments not covered in earlier reports.

Research Insights

Thistle→Improved Cardiac Function
Other than hepatoprotective effect SM also possesses renoprotective, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerosis and cardioprotective effects.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Thistle→Improved Glycemia
Other than hepatoprotective effect SM also possesses renoprotective, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerosis and cardioprotective effects.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Thistle→Improved Kidney Function
Other than hepatoprotective effect SM also possesses renoprotective, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerosis and cardioprotective effects.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Thistle→Improved Liver Function
It has been used traditionally for the treatment of various liver disorders like cirrhosis, jaundice, and hepatitis.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Thistle→Improved Neurobehavioral Function
Other than hepatoprotective effect SM also possesses renoprotective, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerosis and cardioprotective effects.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Thistle→Reduced Atherosclerosis
Other than hepatoprotective effect SM also possesses renoprotective, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerosis and cardioprotective effects.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Thistle→Reduced Inflammation
Silymarin possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and is responsible for its antitumor activity.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Thistle→Reduced Low-Density Lipoprotein Level
Other than hepatoprotective effect SM also possesses renoprotective, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerosis and cardioprotective effects.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Thistle→Reduced Microbial Infection
Rather antimicrobial property of silymarin was observed against specific microbes, fungi, and viruses.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Thistle→Reduced Oxidative Stress
Silymarin possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and is responsible for its antitumor activity.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Thistle→Reduced Tumor Activity
Silymarin possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and is responsible for its antitumor activity.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate

Adverse Events Reported

Thistle→Overall tolerability
proven it's safety
Finding
Reported
Thistle→bloating
proven it's safety and offers mild effect like nausea, diarrhea and bloating
Finding
Reported
Grade
mild
Thistle→diarrhea
proven it's safety and offers mild effect like nausea, diarrhea and bloating
Finding
Reported
Grade
mild
Thistle→nausea
proven it's safety and offers mild effect like nausea, diarrhea and bloating
Finding
Reported
Grade
mild