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The effects of NAD+ precursor (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) supplementation on weight loss and related hormones: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials.

  • 2023-10-03
  • Frontiers in nutrition 10

Study Design

Type
Systematic Review
Sample size
n = 144
Population
5,144 participants
Methods
Systematic review and meta-regression analysis of controlled trials from Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases

Background

Despite the fact that obesity and overweight are serious major health problems worldwide, fighting against them is also considered a challenging issue. Several interventional studies have evaluated the potential weight-reduction effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor. In order to obtain a better viewpoint from them, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of NAD+ precursor supplementation on weight loss, adiponectin, and leptin.

Methods

Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched using standard keywords to identify all controlled trials investigating the weight loss and related hormones effects of NAD+ precursor. Pooled weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were achieved by random-effects model analysis for the best estimation of outcomes.

Results

Twenty two treatment arms with 5,144 participants' were included in this systematic review and meta-regression analysis. The pooled findings showed that NAD+ precursor supplementation has an effect on lowering BMI (weighted mean difference (WMD): -0.19 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.29 to -0.09, p < 0.001) and increasing adiponectin (WMD: 1.59 μg/mL, 95% CI: 0.49 to 2.68, p = 0.004) in humans compared with control groups. However, no significant effect was observed on body weight and leptin. There was a significant relationship between doses of intervention with changes in BMI. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that BMI reduction was greater when receiving nicotinic acid (NA) supplementation than nicotinamide (NE) supplementation.

Conclusion

NAD+ precursor had significant effects on weight management with the reduction of BMI and increasing adiponectin.

Research Insights

  • Vitamin B3→Increased Adiponectin Levels

    increasing adiponectin (WMD: 1.59 μg/mL, 95% CI: 0.49 to 2.68, p = 0.004) in humans compared with control groups.

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin B3→Reduced Body Mass Index

    The pooled findings showed that NAD+ precursor supplementation has an effect on lowering BMI (weighted mean difference (WMD): -0.19 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.29 to -0.09, p < 0.001)...subgroup analysis showed that BMI reduction was greater when receiving nicotinic acid (NA) supplementation than nicotinamide (NE) supplementation.

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin B3→Reduced Body Weight

    no significant effect was observed on body weight and leptin.

    Effect
    Neutral
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin B3→Reduced Leptin Levels

    no significant effect was observed on body weight and leptin.

    Effect
    Neutral
    Effect size
    Small
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