What Is the Involvement of Gut Microbiome in the Pathophysiology of Diabetes?

2025-10-16
Biomolecules 15(10)

PubMed: 41154691
DOI: 10.3390/biom15101463

Study Design

Type: Review
Methods: In this review, we discuss recent findings on the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and DM, including its complications.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) encompasses a group of metabolic diseases characterised by abnormal glucose levels. The pathophysiology of DM involves intricate disruptions in glucose metabolism and immune regulation. The gut microbiome is known to play a crucial role in human health and disease, and changes in its composition have been reported in numerous conditions, including DM. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and DM, including its complications. We highlight the involvement of gut microorganisms in inflammation and metabolic processes, and we summarise current evidence on how antidiabetic therapies influence microbiome composition and activity. Finally, we explore the potential role of microbiome monitoring in predicting treatment response.

Research Insights

Supplement	Dose	Health Outcome	Effect Type	Effect Size	Source
Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17	—	Improved Glycemia	Beneficial	Moderate	View source The study observed that consumption of Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 was associated with improvements in blood glucose-related outcomes in subjects with diabetes.
Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17	—	Improved Weight Management	Beneficial	Small	View source Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 consumption was reported to have a favorable effect on body weight-related measures.