Across 4 studies, 3 reported beneficial effects (moderate to large) on reducing oxidative stress, with 1 neutral finding. The most studied dose was 1000 mg/day in one clinical trial, and effects were typically observed at 12 weeks. Evidence primarily comes from clinical populations such as coronary artery disease patients and older women with sarcopenia.
Caveats: Evidence base is small (only 4 studies) — conclusions should be considered preliminary. Only one study reported a specific dose and duration, limiting extrapolation. The neutral review lacked significant findings, suggesting heterogeneity.
While additional verification of the safety and efficacy of these supplements is still necessary, current evidence suggests that these supplements have potential applications for health promotion and disease prevention among athletes and more diverse populations.
from: Recent Progress in Applicability of Exercise Immunology and Inflammation Research to Sportnine reported on supplemental antioxidants (i.e., L-carnitine and melatonin) ... that were effective at lowering OS (P < 0.05)
the AS group had increased GSH (P < .001, d = 1.52) and GSH/GSSG ratio (P < .001, d = 1.52), and reduced GSSG (P < .001, d = 0.96) and malondialdehyde (P < .001, d = 1.65) compared to the PLA group
reduce oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutases, protein carbonyls, ascorbate, glutathione peroxidase, and paraoxonase 1)
antioxidant defense modulators (vitamin C, sulforaphane, taheebo)