Across 3 studies, 1 reported beneficial moderate-sized effects, while 2 reported neutral small effects. The evidence is preliminary due to the small number of studies and mixed results. Most studies did not find a statistically significant benefit.
Studied populations: elderly individuals, adults with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery
Caveats: Evidence base is small (only 3 studies) — conclusions should be considered preliminary. Many of the included studies did not reach statistical significance — effect may be smaller than the predominant direction suggests.
Generated Jul 12, 2026
Doses used in studies
D3 · IU/day: 800 (median 800, IQR 800–800)— 1 study
IU/day: 5,000–7,943 (median 6,471.5, IQR 5,000–7,943)— 1 study
Safety in these studies
all-cause mortalityNo significant differenceSerious adverse eventrisk ratio (95% CI) of 0.95 (0.87-1.04)
This regimen showed no increase in all-cause mortality, with a risk ratio (95% CI) of 0.95 (0.87-1.04).
further research is needed to determine if this method would increase the incidence of falls. Therefore, it is not recommended at this stage due to the lack of demonstrated safety in additional relevant RCTs.