Research synthesisLow evidenceSmall effect12 studies · 12 beneficial · 0 neutral · 0 harmful
Across 12 studies, all reported beneficial effects on immune function, with effect sizes ranging from small to moderate. The most robust evidence comes from a systematic review (n=1502 participants) showing small beneficial effects, and a small RCT (n=50) in adult atopic dermatitis patients that reached statistical significance. The predominant effect size is small to moderate, and the available evidence is overwhelmingly positive — clinical literature in this area is subject to publication bias (null-result studies are less likely to be published or indexed).
- Studied populations: adults with atopic dermatitis
Caveats: Available evidence is overwhelmingly positive — clinical literature in this area is subject to publication bias (null-result studies are less likely to be published or indexed). The evidence base is dominated by narrative reviews with low evidence scores; only one RCT and one systematic review provide higher-quality data. Many studies do not report dose or duration, limiting practical guidance.
Generated May 12, 2026