Gut Microbiota: An Immersion in Dysbiosis, Associated Pathologies, and Probiotics.

2025-05-07
Microorganisms 13(5)
- Valentina Origüela
- Alvaro Lopez-Zaplana

PubMed: 40431257
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13051084

Study Design

Type: Review
Methods: This review aims to analyze the most common pathologies resulting from an imbalance in the gut microbiota, as well as detail the most important and known gut probiotics, their functions, and mechanisms of action in relation to these conditions.

The importance of the microbiome, particularly the gut microbiota and its implications for health, is well established. However, an increasing number of studies further strengthen the link between an imbalanced gut microbiota and a greater predisposition to different diseases. The gut microbiota constitutes a fundamental ecosystem for maintaining human health. Its alteration, known as dysbiosis, is associated with a wide range of conditions, including intestinal, metabolic, immunological, or neurological pathologies, among others. In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in knowledge about probiotics-bacterial species that enhance health or address various diseases-with numerous studies reporting their benefits in preventing or improving these conditions. This review aims to analyze the most common pathologies resulting from an imbalance in the gut microbiota, as well as detail the most important and known gut probiotics, their functions, and mechanisms of action in relation to these conditions.

Research Insights

Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92→Improved Allergic Symptoms
Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92 has been reported to alleviate symptoms of pollen allergy, atopic dermatitis, and house dust mite allergy in human clinical studies.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92→Improved Atopic Dermatitis
Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92 has been reported to alleviate symptoms of pollen allergy, atopic dermatitis, and house dust mite allergy in human clinical studies.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92→Improved Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms
Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92 has been reported to improve the symptoms of atopic dermatitis in both adults and children.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92→Improved Immune Function
The strain has been associated with immunomodulatory effects, including enhancement of regulatory T-cell responses and modulation of cytokine production.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92→Reduced Allergic Symptoms
Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92 has been reported to alleviate symptoms of pollen allergy, atopic dermatitis, and house dust mite allergy in human clinical studies.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92→Reduced Respiratory Infections
In addition, L-92 intake has been associated with a reduction in the incidence of recurrent respiratory tract infections.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92→Reduced Severity of Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms
Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92 has been reported to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life in patients with allergic rhinitis.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate