Across 3 studies, all reported beneficial effects on antioxidant activity, with effect sizes ranging from small to moderate. Only 1 study, in broiler chickens, showed a statistically significant increase in reduced glutathione activity (P < 0.01). The evidence base is very small and preliminary, with no human trials, consistent dose, or form data available.
Caveats: Available evidence is overwhelmingly positive — clinical literature in this area is subject to publication bias (null-result studies are less likely to be published or indexed). Evidence base is small (only 3 studies) — conclusions should be considered preliminary. Only 1 of the 3 studies reported a statistically significant result; the others lack significance testing or are reviews/in vitro. All studies involve animal models, in vitro fermentation, or review-level evidence — no direct human trials are available.
increased reduced glutathione activity (P < 0.01) in chicken erythrocytes
The review increases our understanding of the health improvements of mineral-enriched postbiotics, including antioxidant functions...
L. rhamnosus AC1-fermented soymilk also showed the highest antioxidant potential, including DPPH scavenging ability and iron chelating ability.