Across 3 studies, all reported beneficial effects on antioxidant activity, with effect sizes predominantly moderate. However, only one study reached statistical significance, and the evidence is drawn from non-human populations (broiler chickens and in vitro), limiting applicability to humans. No consistent dose or form was identified.
Caveats: Available evidence is overwhelmingly positive — clinical literature in this area is subject to publication bias (null-result studies are less likely to be published or indexed). Evidence base is small (only 3 studies) — conclusions should be considered preliminary. Many of the included studies did not reach statistical significance — effect may be smaller than the predominant direction suggests. Additionally, all studies are in non-human models (broiler chickens, in vitro isolates) with no human trials, so relevance to human supplementation is uncertain.
increased reduced glutathione activity (P < 0.01) in chicken erythrocytes
The review increases our understanding of the health improvements of mineral-enriched postbiotics, including antioxidant functions...
L. rhamnosus AC1-fermented soymilk also showed the highest antioxidant potential, including DPPH scavenging ability and iron chelating ability.