Across 5 studies (all reviews), all reported beneficial effects of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118 on immune function, though effect sizes were predominantly small (3 small, 1 moderate, 1 small). No study reported doses, durations, or statistical significance. The evidence is limited to mechanistic and general probiotic reviews rather than dedicated clinical trials.
Caveats: Evidence base is small (only 5 studies) — conclusions should be considered preliminary. All included studies are narrative reviews, not original clinical trials, so effect sizes are qualitative and non-quantifiable. None of the studies reported statistical significance, dosing, or study durations. The beneficial findings may reflect general probiotic properties rather than specific effects of this strain.
strengthen the immune system
another critical role of bacteriocins is their immunomodulatory effect
Lactobacilli comprise an important group of probiotics... [their components] mediate positive effect on the host, such as immunomodulatory... effects.
low- and moderate-intensity exercise has been shown to reduce physiological stress and improve immune function
stimulate/modulate of the immune system