The crosstalk between probiotics and T cell immunity.

2025-10-23
Frontiers in immunology 16

PubMed: 41208998
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1695840

Study Design

Type: Review
Methods: This review specifically aims to elucidate the intricate crosstalk between probiotic microorganisms and T cells, exploring how probiotics modulate the differentiation, activation, proliferation, and functional states of different T cell subsets, such as CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells.

Probiotic supplementation is one of the most widely well-recognized approaches for health maintaining. Distinct probiotics have been experimentally and mechanically investigated for their possible effectiveness in treating autoimmune disease, metabolic diseases, and cancer immune therapy, showing extensive and promising therapeutic potential. Focusing on the T cell mediated responses and diseases, this review specifically aims to elucidate the intricate crosstalk between probiotic microorganisms and T cells, exploring how probiotics modulate the differentiation, activation, proliferation, and functional states of different T cell subsets, such as CD4⁺ T cells and CD8⁺ T cells, thereby influencing the overall immune response and immune homeostasis. By revealing this crosstalk, we aim to uncover the potential of probiotics in immune regulation and disease prevention, providing valuable insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies and preventive measures leveraging the probiotics-T cell axis.

Research Insights

Supplement	Dose	Health Outcome	Effect Type	Effect Size	Source
Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92	—	Improved Allergic Immune Responses	Beneficial	Moderate	View source Distinct probiotics have been experimentally and mechanically investigated for their possible effectiveness in treating autoimmune disease... Focusing on the T cell mediated responses... probiotics modulate the differentiation, activation, proliferation, and functional states of different T cell subsets.
Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92	—	Improved Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms	Beneficial	Moderate	View source Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92 has been reported to alleviate allergic symptoms, including atopic dermatitis, in human clinical studies.
Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92	—	Improved Cell-mediated Immunity	Beneficial	Moderate	View source Focusing on the T cell mediated responses and diseases, this review specifically aims to elucidate the intricate crosstalk between probiotic microorganisms and T cells, exploring how probiotics modulate the differentiation, activation, proliferation, and functional states of different T cell subsets, such as CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, thereby influencing the overall immune response and immune homeostasis.
Lactobacillus acidophilus LA1	—	Improved Immune Function	Beneficial	Small	View source Lactobacillus acidophilus LA1 was found to enhance immune responses in humans, including increased natural killer cell activity and altered cytokine production.