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Propolis effects in periodontal disease seem to affect coronavirus disease: a meta-analysis.

  • 2023
  • Brazilian oral research 37
    • Silvia Helena de Carvalho Sales-Peres
    • Lucas José de Azevedo-Silva
    • Ana Virginia Santana Sampaio Castilho
    • Marcelo Salmazo Castro
    • André de Carvalho Sales-Peres
    • Maria Aparecida de Andrade Moreira Machado

Study Design

Type
Meta-Analysis
Methods
Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies on propolis effects on COVID-19 and periodontitis, with database searches in PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, conducted according to PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO, including risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis using Review Manager 5 and GradePro.
This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of propolis on the severity of coronavirus disease symptoms by reducing periodontal disease. PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases were systematically searched. Studies have been conducted analyzing propolis's effects on COVID-19 and periodontitis. The study was conducted according to the PRISMA statement and registered in PROSPERO. Risk of Bias (RoB) assessment and meta-analysis of clinical studies were performed (Review Manager 5, Cochrane). The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GradePro (GDT). Studies have shown propolis flavonoids inhibit viral replication in several DNA and RNA viruses, including coronaviruses. Propolis components have an aminopeptidase inhibitor activity that can inhibit the main proteases of SARS viruses and seem to inhibit protein spikes, which are sites of most mutations in SARS-CoV strains. The meta-analysis showed favorable results with the use of propolis on probing depth (95%CI: 0.92; p < 0.001), clinical attachment level (95%CI: 1.48; p < 0.001), gingival index (95%CI: 0.14; p = 0.03), plaque index (95%CI: 0.11; p = 0.23), and blending on probing (95%CI: 0.39; p < 0.001). The antibacterial activity of propolis could be mediated through its direct action on microorganisms or the stimulation of the immune system, activating natural defenses. Thus, propolis inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 as well as its bacterial activity. Treatment with propolis improves general health and facilitates the activation of the immune system against coronavirus.

Research Insights

  • Propolis→Improved Clinical Attachment

    The meta-analysis showed favorable results with the use of propolis on...clinical attachment level (95%CI: 1.48; p < 0.001)

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Moderate
  • Propolis→Reduced Bleeding on Probing (BOP)

    The meta-analysis showed favorable results with the use of propolis on...blending on probing (95%CI: 0.39; p < 0.001) [sic]

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Propolis→Reduced Gingival Index

    The meta-analysis showed favorable results with the use of propolis on...gingival index (95%CI: 0.14; p = 0.03)

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Propolis→Reduced Plaque Index

    The meta-analysis showed favorable results with the use of propolis on...plaque index (95%CI: 0.11; p = 0.23)

    Effect
    Neutral
    Effect size
    Small
  • Propolis→Reduced Probing Depth

    The meta-analysis showed favorable results with the use of propolis on probing depth (95%CI: 0.92; p < 0.001)

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
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