Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a long-term degenerative condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function or abnormal kidney structure, initially presenting few symptoms but eventually leading to complications such as high blood pressure, bone disease, anemia, and increased cardiovascular risks. Management involves medication and dietary modifications to address nutrient imbalances caused by impaired kidney function.
Health Outcomes
- Absence of Acute Toxicity
- Altered Amino Acid Metabolism
- Altered Blood Parameters
- Altered Spermidine Levels
- Association with Sarcopenia
- Changed Bicarbonate Level
- Changed Clinical Chemistry Parameter
- Changed Hematology Parameter
- Changed Leukocyte Telomere Length
- Changed Magnesium Level
- Changed Parathyroid Hormone Level
- Changed Phosphate Level
- Changed Serum Calcium Level
- Changed Urinary Calcium Creatinine Ratio
- Changes in Inflammatory Markers
- Decreased Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination
- Delayed Onset of Urinary Tract Infections
- Developed Anemia
- Elevated Complement C3 Levels
- Elevated Malondialdehyde Levels
- Elevated Plasma-Branched Chain Amino Acids
- Elevated Redox Status
- Enhanced AMPK Activation
- Enhanced Antioxidant Activity
- Enhanced Antioxidant Levels
- Enhanced Antioxidative Capacity
- Enhanced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response
- Enhanced Kidney Antioxidant Capacity
- Extended Lifespan
- Improved Amino Acid Bioavailability
- Improved Antihypertensive Activity
- Improved Antioxidant Enzyme Levels
- Improved Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index
- Improved Arginine Metabolism
- Improved Blood Biochemical Markers
- Improved Blood Biochemical Parameter
- Improved Blood Chemistry
- Improved Blood Index
- Improved Blood Pressure
- Improved Bone Metabolism
- Improved Bone Turnover Marker
- Improved Cell-Cell Signalling
- Improved Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes
- Improved Clearance Efficiency
- Improved Clinical Outcomes
- Improved Diabetic Nephropathy
- Improved Dialysis Adequacy
- Improved Disease Management
- Improved Dyslipidemia
- Improved Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation
- Improved Energy Availability
- Improved Erythroid Response
- Improved Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Improved Estimated VO2max
- Improved Exercise Function
- Improved Fatigue Symptoms
- Improved Fatigue Tolerance
- Improved Fibrosis
- Improved Flow-Mediated Vasodilation
- Improved Free Radical Scavenging Activity
- Improved Functional Properties of Food
- Improved Global Quality of Life
- Improved Glutathione Level
- Improved Glutathione Redox Ratio
- Improved Health Outcomes
- Improved Inflammatory Marker Profile
- Improved Iron Deficiency Anemia Treatment Efficacy
- Improved Iron Levels
- Improved Kidney Function
- Improved Lifespan
- Improved Longevity
- Improved Lumbar Bone Mineral Density
- Improved Mean Arterial Pressure
- Improved Nephropathy
- Improved Nutritional Status
- Improved Overall Health
- Improved Overall Health Status
- Improved Oxidative Metabolism Regulation
- Improved Oxidative Stress Biomarker
- Improved Oxidative Stress Marker
- Improved Parent/Caregiver Health-Related Quality of Life
- Improved Physical Domain Score
- Improved Protein Utilization
- Improved Redox Homeostasis
- Improved Renal Function
- Improved Serum Averages
- Improved Serum Biomarkers
- Improved Serum Protein Status
- Improved Serum Uric Acid Levels
- Improved Small Vessel Density
- Improved Soluble Transferrin Receptor Levels
- Improved Superoxide Dismutase Activity
- Improved Superoxide Dismutase Level
- Improved Survival Rate Under Nitrite Stress
- Improved Symptoms of Chronic Condition
- Improved Time to Exhaustion
- Improved Total Antioxidant Capacity
- Improved Total Antioxidative Status
- Improved Total Volumetric Bone Mineral Density
- Improved Vaccine Efficacy
- Improved Vaccine Response in Immunocompromised Hosts
- Improved eGFR
- Increase in Persistent Diseased Sites
- Increased 1,2-Propanediol Concentration
- Increased ACE Inhibitor Activity
- Increased Anion Gap
- Increased Antihypertensive Peptide Production
- Increased Antioxidant Levels
- Increased C-Reactive Protein Level
- Increased C-Reactive Protein Levels
- Increased Carnosine Level
- Increased Catalase Activity
- Increased Clinically Meaningful Collagen Synthesis
- Increased Complement C3 Level
- Increased Cysteine Level
- Increased EGF Level
- Increased Endogenous Acrolein Formation
- Increased Ferritin Level
- Increased Folate Level
- Increased GSH/GSSG Ratio
- Increased General Morbidity
- Increased Glutathione Disulfide Ratio
- Increased Glutathione Level
- Increased Glycine Level
- Increased Homocysteine Level
- Increased Hospital Admissions
- Increased Hyperkalemia
- Increased IGFBP-3 Level
- Increased Infection Frequency
- Increased Invasive Interventions Requirement
- Increased Late-Onset Sepsis Incidence
- Increased Length
- Increased Mortality
- Increased Mortality Rate
- Increased Mortality in Patients with Enterococcal Bacteremia
- Increased Myo-Inositol Level
- Increased NRF2 Levels
- Increased Nitrate Level
- Increased Nrf2 Level
- Increased Occurrence of Serious Adverse Events
- Increased Osteoprotegerin Immunostaining
- Increased Oxidative Stress
- Increased Oxidative Stress Tolerance
- Increased Plasma Glucagon Level
- Increased Plasma Haptoglobin Levels
- Increased Plasma Level
- Increased Plasma Nitric Oxide Levels
- Increased Plasma Phosphorus
- Increased Plasma Protein Levels
- Increased Plasma Total Protein
- Increased Production of ACE-Inhibitory Peptides
- Increased Production of Bioactive Peptides
- Increased Production of Bioactive Peptides with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity
- Increased Prolactin Level
- Increased Proteolysis
- Increased Rate of Endovascular Infection
- Increased Rate of Recurrent Bacteremia
- Increased Reactive Oxygen Species Production
- Increased Reactive Oxygen Species Response
- Increased Retinol Level
- Increased Risk of E. faecium Infection
- Increased Risk of Opportunistic Pathogenicity
- Increased Sepsis
- Increased Serine Level
- Increased Serum Alternative Complement Activity
- Increased Serum Amyloid Protein
- Increased Serum Antioxidant Enzyme Levels
- Increased Serum Ferritin Level
- Increased Serum Gastrin-17 Level
- Increased Serum NAD+ Levels
- Increased Serum Protein Levels
- Increased Serum Total Protein Levels
- Increased Soluble Receptor of Advanced Glycation End Products
- Increased Sulfate Metabolite Level
- Increased Survival Rate During Candidiasis
- Increased Survival in High Osmotic Pressure
- Increased Susceptibility to Salmonella Infection
- Increased Systolic Blood Pressure
- Increased Tibia Phosphorus Concentration
- Increased Total Thiol Level
- Increased Type 1 Collagen Synthesis
- Increased Uric Acid
- Increased Uric Acid Excretion
- Increased Urinary Citrate Level
- Increased Vitamin B12 Level
- Inhibited Absorption of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs)
- Inhibited Activation of Apoptotic Biomarkers
- Maintained pH Levels
- Modified Serum Metabolomic Pathways
- Modulated Metabolite Profile
- No Adverse Safety Findings
- No Improvement in Growth Performance
- No Significant Change in Lean Body Mass
- No Significant Effect on C-Reactive Protein Levels
- Prevented Increase in Serum CML Levels
- Prevented Sepsis
- Prevention of Haematological Parameter Decline
- Prevention of Kidney Stones
- Probiotic-Related Infection
- Reduced ACE Activity
- Reduced Acute Kidney Injury
- Reduced Adipose Tissue Wasting
- Reduced Advanced Glycation End Product Level
- Reduced Adverse Physiometabolic Effects
- Reduced All-Cause Mortality
- Reduced Allograft Rejection
- Reduced Anemia
- Reduced Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Activity
- Reduced Anthropometric Parameters
- Reduced Apelin Gene Expression
- Reduced Appetite Changes
- Reduced Arginine Level
- Reduced Arterial Stiffness
- Reduced Average Daily Gain
- Reduced BCG Phagocytic Intake
- Reduced Bicarbonate Level
- Reduced Blood Pressure
- Reduced Bone Alkaline Phosphatase
- Reduced Bone Turnover
- Reduced Calcium Level
- Reduced Carboxymethyl Lysine
- Reduced Cardiovascular Mortality
- Reduced Catalase Activity
- Reduced Cellular Senescence
- Reduced Central Blood Pressure
- Reduced Chloride Level
- Reduced Chronic Consumption Toxicity
- Reduced Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
- Reduced Contrast-Induced Nephropathy
- Reduced Copper Level
- Reduced Cumulative Morbidity Rates
- Reduced Cumulative Mortality
- Reduced Dephosphorylated-Uncarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein Level
- Reduced Dietary Advanced Glycation End Product Intake
- Reduced Disease Progression
- Reduced Drug Concentration
- Reduced Electrolyte Level
- Reduced Enamel Hypomineralization
- Reduced Energy Intake
- Reduced Erythrocyte Count
- Reduced Exercise-Induced Biochemical Markers
- Reduced Fat-Free Mass
- Reduced Fatigue Severity
- Reduced Ferroptosis
- Reduced Free Triiodothyronine
- Reduced Fumonisin B1 Levels
- Reduced Functional Iron Deficiency
- Reduced Gastrointestinal Microbial Fermentation-Related Intoxication
- Reduced Glutathione Loss
- Reduced Glutathione Redox Ratio
- Reduced Glycation End Product Accumulation
- Reduced Glycative Stress Marker Level
- Reduced Growth Performance
- Reduced HIF-1α Level
- Reduced Heat Stress
- Reduced Hematocrit
- Reduced Hematocrit Level
- Reduced High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Level
- Reduced Hospital Readmission Risk
- Reduced Hydrogen Sulfide Level
- Reduced Hypertension
- Reduced IL-6 Secretion
- Reduced Indoxyl Sulfate Levels
- Reduced Iron-Corrected T1
- Reduced Itch Severity
- Reduced Kidney Cell Apoptosis
- Reduced Kidney Damage
- Reduced Kidney Fibrosis
- Reduced Kidney Function
- Reduced Kidney Histological Damage
- Reduced Kidney Injury
- Reduced Kidney Oxidative Stress
- Reduced Kidney Pathological Changes
- Reduced Lead Bioaccumulation
- Reduced Lean Mass
- Reduced Levels of Gut-Derived Uremic Toxins
- Reduced Lymphocytic Genome Damage
- Reduced MCP-1/CCL2 Levels
- Reduced Malondialdehyde Level
- Reduced Mean Blood Pressure
- Reduced Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Level
- Reduced Morbidity Rate
- Reduced Mortality from Influenza Infection
- Reduced Muscle Cramp Duration
- Reduced Muscle Protein Breakdown
- Reduced NSAID Consumption
- Reduced Need for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
- Reduced Nitric Oxide Level
- Reduced Nocturia
- Reduced Non-Infectious Complication Morbidity
- Reduced Nonclassical Monocyte Frequency
- Reduced Organ Damage
- Reduced Organ Failure Severity
- Reduced Oxalate Nephropathy
- Reduced Oxidative Stress Index
- Reduced Oxidative Stress Marker
- Reduced Oxidative Stress Marker Level
- Reduced Oxidative Stress Markers
- Reduced Oxidative Tissue Injury
- Reduced Oxidized Glutathione Level
- Reduced Packed Cell Transfusion
- Reduced Phosphorus Level
- Reduced Physiological Impairments
- Reduced Pre-Dialysis Serum Triglyceride Levels
- Reduced Pre-eclampsia
- Reduced Precursor Amino Acid Availability
- Reduced Prospective Consumption
- Reduced Protein Carbonyl Level
- Reduced Proteinuria
- Reduced Proteinuria Levels
- Reduced Quadriceps Muscle Cross-Sectional Area
- Reduced Red Blood Cell Count
- Reduced Renal Free-CML
- Reduced Renal Hypertrophy
- Reduced Renal Inflammation
- Reduced Renal Pathological Damage
- Reduced Renal Replacement Therapy
- Reduced Renal Sympathetic Activity
- Reduced Restless Legs Syndrome Symptoms
- Reduced Risk of COVID-19 Progression
- Reduced Risk of Infection
- Reduced Risk of Low Bone Mineral Density
- Reduced Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype
- Reduced Serum D-Lactate Levels
- Reduced Serum Ferritin Levels
- Reduced Serum Osteocalcin Levels
- Reduced Serum Phosphorus Level
- Reduced Serum Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin Concentration
- Reduced Skin Dryness Symptoms
- Reduced Soluble Receptor of Advanced Glycation End Product Level
- Reduced Stigmasterol Absorption
- Reduced Succinate Levels
- Reduced TMAO Level
- Reduced TMAO Production
- Reduced Taste Disturbance Incidence
- Reduced Total Testosterone Level
- Reduced Total Thyroxine Level
- Reduced Total Triiodothyronine
- Reduced Toxic Amine Levels in Dialysis Patients
- Reduced Treatment Costs
- Reduced Triiodothyronine Level
- Reduced Trimethylamine N-oxide Levels
- Reduced Uremia Indicators
- Reduced Uremia Levels
- Reduced Uremic Toxins Levels
- Reduced Urinary Albumin
- Reduced Urinary Calcium Level
- Reduced Urinary Creatinine Levels
- Reduced Urinary MMA Levels
- Reduced Urinary Nitrite Level
- Reduced Urinary p-Cresol Excretion
- Reduced Vitamin C Level
- Reduced Zinc Level
- Reduction of Diabetes-Induced Organ Damage
- Regulated Blood Pressure
- Restoration of Homeostasis
- Slower CKD Progression
- Slower Weight Gain
- Stabilized Disease Progression
- Stable Kidney Function
- Tolerance of Probiotic in Immunocompromised Individuals
- Unchanged Body Composition
- Unchanged Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Levels
- Worsened Acidosis