Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a broad term encompassing various diseases of the heart and blood vessels, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, and more. Atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD), the most common subtype, often leads to strokes and heart attacks.
Health Outcomes
- Achieved Clinically Significant Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction
- Altered Circulating Metabolic Profile
- Altered Fatty Acid Profiles
- Change in Waist-to-Hip Ratio
- Changed Leukocyte Telomere Length
- Changed Plasma Glycerophospholipid Levels
- Changed Secretory Phospholipase A2 Level
- Controlled Serum Cholesterol Levels
- Decreased Uncarboxylated to Total Osteocalcin Ratio
- Delayed Cardiac Pathology
- Developed Endocarditis
- Disease Prevention
- Elevated Malondialdehyde Levels
- Elevated Plasma-Branched Chain Amino Acids
- Elevated Redox Status
- Elevated Serum Leptin Levels
- Elevated Serum Lipoprotein Lipase Levels in Gilts
- Elevated Triglyceride Levels
- Enhanced AMPK Activation
- Enhanced Antioxidant Bioaccessibility
- Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity
- Enhanced Health Promotion
- Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species Resistance
- Enhanced Reverse Cholesterol Transport
- Identified ACE-Inhibitory Peptides
- Improved 5000 m Running Time
- Improved Aerobic Power
- Improved Aerobic Stability
- Improved Ang-(1-7)/Ang II Ratio
- Improved Antihypertensive Activity
- Improved Antioxidant Activity
- Improved Arginine to Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Ratio
- Improved Atherogenic Index of Plasma
- Improved Atherosclerosis-Related Cardiovascular Risk Markers
- Improved Bioactivity
- Improved Blood Biochemical Indicators
- Improved Blood Biomarker Level
- Improved Blood Lipid Content
- Improved Blood Lipid Profile
- Improved Brachial Artery Diameter
- Improved CVD-Related Symptom
- Improved Cardiac Histopathology
- Improved Cardio-Metabolic Profile
- Improved Cardiometabolic Health
- Improved Cardiometabolic Score
- Improved Cardioprotective Activity
- Improved Cardiorespiratory Fitness
- Improved Cardiovascular Disease Marker
- Improved Cardiovascular Function
- Improved Cardiovascular Health
- Improved Cardiovascular Outcome
- Improved Catalase Activity
- Improved Catalase Level
- Improved Cholesterol Levels
- Improved Cholesterol Metabolism
- Improved Cholesterol Profile
- Improved Combined Cardiopulmonary Outcomes
- Improved Cycling Endurance
- Improved Cycling Time Trial Performance
- Improved DASH Score
- Improved Diet
- Improved Diet Quality
- Improved Diet Quality Index
- Improved Endothelial Cell Migration
- Improved Endothelial Function
- Improved Endothelial Function Biomarker
- Improved Endothelial Health Marker Level
- Improved Endothelial Reactivity
- Improved Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Resistance Arteries
- Improved Endurance Exercise Performance
- Improved Estimated VO2max
- Improved Event-Free Survival
- Improved Exercise Function
- Improved Exercise Stress Test Grade
- Improved Fatty Acid Composition
- Improved Fibrinolytic Activity
- Improved Fish Chemical Composition
- Improved Fitness in Breastfed Infants
- Improved Flow-Mediated Dilatation
- Improved Flow-Mediated Dilation
- Improved Flow-Mediated Vasodilation
- Improved Folate Level
- Improved Folate Levels
- Improved Fractional Shortening
- Improved Functional Exercise Capacity
- Improved GDF-15 Level
- Improved Global Health
- Improved Glutathione Peroxidase Activity
- Improved Glutathione Peroxidase Level
- Improved Glutathione Redox Ratio
- Improved Glycerophospholipid Metabolism
- Improved Health in Elderly Populations
- Improved Heart Rate Recovery
- Improved Heart Rate Variability
- Improved High-Density Lipoprotein Level
- Improved High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise Performance
- Improved Homeostasis
- Improved LDL Subfraction Response
- Improved LDL-C to HDL-C Ratio
- Improved Lactate Threshold
- Improved Life's Essential 8 Score
- Improved Lifespan
- Improved Lipid Metabolism
- Improved Lipid Profile
- Improved Lipid Serum Homeostasis
- Improved Lipoprotein Subfraction Profile
- Improved Longevity
- Improved Low-Density Lipoprotein Composition
- Improved Maximal Oxygen Capacity
- Improved Maximal Oxygen Consumption
- Improved Mean Arterial Pressure
- Improved Metabolic Syndrome Biomarkers
- Improved Monocyte Activation
- Improved Myocardial Strain Rate
- Improved Obesity Parameters
- Improved Overall Health
- Improved Overall Health Status
- Improved Oxidative Metabolism Regulation
- Improved Oxidative Status
- Improved Oxidative Stress Marker
- Improved Peak Oxygen Intake
- Improved Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Expression
- Improved Physical Activity Initiation
- Improved Physical Activity Level
- Improved Physiological Response
- Improved Plasma Antioxidant Levels
- Improved Plasma Cholesterol Clearance
- Improved Plasma Lipid Levels
- Improved Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Improved Proportion of Healthy Days
- Improved Pulse Wave Velocity
- Improved Reactive Hyperemia
- Improved Reactive Hyperemia Index
- Improved Redox Homeostasis
- Improved Redox Potential
- Improved Retinal Microvascular Caliber
- Improved Retinal Vascular Health
- Improved Run Time
- Improved Running Endurance
- Improved Running Performance
- Improved SHBG Level
- Improved Serum Averages
- Improved Serum Biochemistry
- Improved Serum Lipids
- Improved Serum Parameters
- Improved Serum SOD Activity
- Improved Stress-Strain Index
- Improved Superoxide Dismutase Activity
- Improved Superoxide Dismutase Level
- Improved Survival Time
- Improved Survival at 24 Months
- Improved Swimming Performance
- Improved Systemic Health
- Improved Time-Trial Performance
- Improved Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Level
- Improved Total Cholesterol Levels
- Improved Triglyceride Levels
- Improved VO2 Max
- Improved VO2max
- Improved Vascular Biomarker
- Improved Vascular Conductance
- Improved Vascular Endothelial Function
- Improved Vascular Function
- Improved Vascular Repair
- Improved Vitamin D Levels
- Improved Waist-to-Hip Ratio
- Improved Weight Control
- Improved Yo-Yo Test Performance
- Improved n-6 to n-3 PUFA Ratio
- Increased AMPK Activation
- Increased Adiponectin Levels
- Increased Antioxidant Potential
- Increased Apolipoprotein A-V Levels
- Increased Arginine/ADMA Ratio
- Increased Beneficial Gut Bacteria
- Increased Betaine Level
- Increased Bioactivity
- Increased Bioavailability of Phenolics
- Increased Blood Homocysteine Level
- Increased Body Weight
- Increased Bone Marrow Myelopoiesis
- Increased Branched Chain Amino Acid Levels
- Increased CD34+ Cell Recruitment
- Increased CD68 to CD163 Ratio
- Increased Catalase Activity
- Increased Catalase Level
- Increased Caveolin-1 Level
- Increased Circulating Vitamin K2 Levels
- Increased Complement C3 Level
- Increased Conjugated Linoleic Acid Production
- Increased Cysteine Level
- Increased Dietary Fiber Intake
- Increased Eicosapentaenoic Acid Level
- Increased Endogenous Acrolein Formation
- Increased Endurance Swimming Time
- Increased Exercise Endurance
- Increased F2-Isoprostane Level
- Increased FGF23 Level
- Increased FNDC5 Concentration
- Increased Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma
- Increased Flavanone Metabolite Excretion
- Increased Folate Bioavailability
- Increased GSH/GSSG Ratio
- Increased General Morbidity
- Increased Glutathione Peroxidase Activity
- Increased HDL Cholesterol Levels
- Increased Hemodynamic Disturbance
- Increased High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
- Increased Homocysteine Level
- Increased Hormone-Sensitive Lipase Activity
- Increased Inhibition of Lipid Oxidation
- Increased Interleukin-1β Level
- Increased Internal Carotid Artery Velocity
- Increased KLF4 Protein Levels
- Increased L-Arginine to ADMA Ratio
- Increased L-arginine Level
- Increased LA/ADMA Ratio
- Increased LDL Cholesterol Level
- Increased Leptin Level
- Increased Leptin Levels
- Increased Low Frequency Power
- Increased Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to Apolipoprotein B Ratio
- Increased Menaquinone-7 Levels
- Increased Methionine Level
- Increased MicroRNA-146a Expression
- Increased Milk Alpha-Carotene Concentration
- Increased Mortality
- Increased Myeloperoxidase Activity
- Increased Myristic Acid Level
- Increased Naringenin Level
- Increased Nitric Oxide Bioavailability
- Increased Osteoprotegerin Immunostaining
- Increased Oxidative Stress
- Increased Paraoxonase 1 Enzyme Activity
- Increased Peak Oxygen Uptake
- Increased Peak Systolic Velocity
- Increased Physical Activity
- Increased Plasma ApoA-V Levels
- Increased Plasma Omega-3 Fatty Acids
- Increased Plasma Total Cysteine Concentration
- Increased Plasma Vitamin K Levels
- Increased Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Level
- Increased Polyphenol Level
- Increased Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Breast Meat
- Increased Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Milk
- Increased Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-6
- Increased Production of ACE-Inhibitory Peptides
- Increased Production of Bioactive Peptides
- Increased Production of Bioactive Peptides with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity
- Increased Reactive Oxygen Species Response
- Increased Serum Amyloid Protein
- Increased Serum High-Molecular Weight Adiponectin
- Increased Serum NAD+ Levels
- Increased Serum Triglycerides
- Increased Smoking Cessation Rate
- Increased Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Level
- Increased Systolic Blood Pressure
- Increased Total Antioxidant Capacity Level
- Increased Total L-Carnitine Level
- Increased Total Thiol Level
- Increased Triglyceride Level
- Increased VO2 Max
- Increased Viable Cell Antioxidant Activity
- Increased Visceral Fat Mass
- Increased Vitamin C Level
- Induction of Browning of White Adipose Tissue
- Inhibited Lipid Oxidation
- Inhibited Platelet Aggregation
- Maintained High-Density Lipoprotein Levels
- Mitigated Age-Related Hearing Loss
- Mitigated Cardiac Injury from Myocardial Infarction
- Modified LDL Phosphatidylcholine Composition
- Modified Serum Metabolomic Pathways
- Modulated Anterograde Blood Flow
- Modulated Anterograde Shear Rate
- Modulated Arterial Diameter
- Modulated PPAR/SREBP Pathway
- Modulated Retrograde Shear Rate
- Multiple Health-Promoting Effects
- No Adverse Health Effects
- No Change in Major Cardiovascular Event
- No Improvement in Total Cholesterol
- No Reduction in Meat Cholesterol Levels
- No Significant Change in Total Cholesterol
- No Significant Effect on C-Reactive Protein Levels
- Normalized Lipid Metabolism
- Normalized Lipid Profile
- Normalized Triglyceride
- Prevented Cardiovascular Disease
- Prevented Chronic Kidney Disease
- Prevented Hypertension
- Prevented Increase in Serum CML Levels
- Prevented Vascular Calcification
- Prevention of Hypercholesterolemia
- Prolonged Cardiac Allograft Survival
- Prolonged Survival Periods with Antiphospholipid Syndrome
- Reduced 25-Hydroxycholesterol Level
- Reduced 25-Hydroxycholesterol to Total Cholesterol Ratio
- Reduced 27-Hydroxycholesterol to Total Cholesterol Ratio
- Reduced 7-Hydroxycholesterol Level
- Reduced APO-B/A1 Ratio
- Reduced Abdominal Visceral Fat
- Reduced Acute Kidney Injury
- Reduced Adipokine Level
- Reduced Adiponectin Level
- Reduced Advanced Glycation End Product Level
- Reduced Alzheimer's Disease Incidence
- Reduced Angiopoietin-like Protein 3 Level
- Reduced Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 Level
- Reduced Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Activity
- Reduced Aortic Inflammation
- Reduced Aortic Stiffness
- Reduced Aortic Superoxide Levels
- Reduced Aortic Thickness
- Reduced Apelin Gene Expression
- Reduced Apo B to Apo A1 Ratio
- Reduced ApoB Level
- Reduced Apolipoprotein A-II Level
- Reduced Apolipoprotein A1 Level
- Reduced Apolipoprotein B Levels
- Reduced Apolipoprotein B to A-1 Ratio
- Reduced Apolipoprotein B-100
- Reduced Apolipoprotein B-100 to Apolipoprotein A-1 Ratio
- Reduced Apolipoprotein C-II Level
- Reduced Apolipoprotein C-III Level
- Reduced Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 Level
- Reduced Arachidonic Acid to EPA Ratio
- Reduced Arachidonic Acid/Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ratio
- Reduced Arterial Calcification Progression
- Reduced Arterial Calcifying Lesion Development
- Reduced Arterial Stiffness
- Reduced Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Level
- Reduced Atherogenic Index
- Reduced Atherosclerosis Risk Factors
- Reduced Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Event
- Reduced Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation
- Reduced Atrial Fibrillation Risk
- Reduced Augmentation Index
- Reduced Blood Lipid Levels
- Reduced Blood Pressure in Offspring
- Reduced Body Fat
- Reduced C-Reactive Protein Levels
- Reduced Carbonyl Group Level
- Reduced Carboxymethyl Lysine
- Reduced Cardiac Event
- Reduced Cardiac Injury
- Reduced Cardiovascular Disease Symptom
- Reduced Cardiovascular Event
- Reduced Catalase Activity
- Reduced Cause-Specific Mortality
- Reduced Cellular Senescence
- Reduced Central Blood Pressure
- Reduced Cholesterol Metabolism
- Reduced Classical Monocyte Frequency
- Reduced Conicity Index
- Reduced Death Rate
- Reduced Dephosphorylated-Uncarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein Level
- Reduced Desphosphorylated-Uncarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein Level
- Reduced Diabetes Incidence
- Reduced Dietary Advanced Glycation End Product Intake
- Reduced Dyslipidemia
- Reduced Dyslipidemia Parameters
- Reduced Dyslipidemia in Metabolic Syndrome
- Reduced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Marker Level
- Reduced Exercise-Induced Inflammation
- Reduced Exhaustion During Stress Test
- Reduced Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power
- Reduced Ferroptosis
- Reduced Flavonifractor Abundance
- Reduced Flavonoid Levels
- Reduced Flow-Mediated Dilation
- Reduced Folate Deficiency
- Reduced Folic Acid Level
- Reduced Forearm Blood Flow Response to Acetylcholine
- Reduced Forward Wave Amplitude
- Reduced Glutathione Loss
- Reduced Glutathione Peroxidase Level
- Reduced Glycation End Product Accumulation
- Reduced Glycative Stress Marker Level
- Reduced HDL Cholesterol
- Reduced HDL Cholesterol Level
- Reduced HIF-1α Level
- Reduced HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition
- Reduced Harmful Lipid Levels
- Reduced Heart Rate Variability
- Reduced Heat Stress
- Reduced High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level
- Reduced High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein Level
- Reduced High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Level
- Reduced Hs-CRP Level
- Reduced Hydroperoxide Levels
- Reduced Hypercholesterolemia
- Reduced Hypercholesterolemia Incidence
- Reduced Hyperlipidemia
- Reduced Hyperlipidemia Symptoms
- Reduced Hypersensitive C-Reactive Protein Level
- Reduced ICAM-1 Level
- Reduced Insulin Sensitivity
- Reduced Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling
- Reduced Irisin Level
- Reduced LDL Aggregation
- Reduced LDL Cholesterol
- Reduced LDL Levels
- Reduced LDL Oxidation
- Reduced LDL to HDL Ratio
- Reduced LDL-C/HDL-C Ratio
- Reduced LDL-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio
- Reduced LDL/HDL Ratio
- Reduced Large HDL Subfraction
- Reduced Lead Bioaccumulation
- Reduced Life Threatening Complication
- Reduced Lipid Levels
- Reduced Lipid Oxidation
- Reduced Lipid Peroxidation
- Reduced Lipid Peroxide Level
- Reduced Lipid Profiles
- Reduced Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
- Reduced Lysophosphatidylcholine Level
- Reduced Malondialdehyde Generation
- Reduced Malondialdehyde Level
- Reduced Matrix Gla Protein Level
- Reduced Metabolic Inflammation
- Reduced Metabolic Lipopolysaccharide-Related Inflammation
- Reduced Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence
- Reduced Metabolic Syndrome Risk
- Reduced Monocyte Adhesion
- Reduced Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Level
- Reduced Morbidity Rate
- Reduced Mortality Rate
- Reduced Mortality from Frailty
- Reduced Myeloperoxidase Activity
- Reduced Myocardial Infarct Size
- Reduced Myocardial Injury
- Reduced NADPH Oxidase Activity
- Reduced Nitric Oxide Level
- Reduced Nitrite Level
- Reduced Non-Communicable Disease Risk
- Reduced Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
- Reduced Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Level
- Reduced Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorder
- Reduced Obesity-Related Microbial Taxa
- Reduced Obesity-Related Taxa
- Reduced Omega-6 to Omega-3 Ratio
- Reduced One-Year All-Cause Mortality
- Reduced Oxidative Stress
- Reduced Oxidative Stress Biomarker Level
- Reduced Oxidative Stress Index
- Reduced Oxidative Stress Marker Level
- Reduced Oxidative Stress Score
- Reduced Oxidative Tissue Injury
- Reduced Oxidized Glutathione Level
- Reduced Oxidized LDL Level
- Reduced Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Level
- Reduced Plant Sterols
- Reduced Plaque
- Reduced Plasma CRP Levels
- Reduced Plasma Cholesterol Levels
- Reduced Plasma Homocysteine Levels
- Reduced Platelet Aggregation
- Reduced Platelet Aggregation Rate
- Reduced Platelet Function Marker Level
- Reduced Platelet Hyperactivation
- Reduced Post-Exercise Serum Amyloid A Increase
- Reduced Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation
- Reduced Postprandial Glycemic Response
- Reduced Postprandial Triacylglycerol Response
- Reduced Postprandial Triglyceride Level
- Reduced Pre-eclampsia
- Reduced Pre-eclampsia Incidence
- Reduced Pro-oxidant-antioxidant Balance
- Reduced Progression to Hypertension
- Reduced Proinflammatory Signaling
- Reduced Protein Oxidation
- Reduced Reactive Oxygen Species Formation
- Reduced Risk of COVID-19 Progression
- Reduced SCD1 Activity
- Reduced Sagittal Abdominal Diameter
- Reduced Saturated Fatty Acids in Breast Meat
- Reduced Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype
- Reduced Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score
- Reduced Serious Adverse Events
- Reduced Serum 8-isoprostane Concentrations
- Reduced Serum Carboxymethyl-Lysine Levels
- Reduced Serum Cholesterol Levels
- Reduced Serum Glycerophospholipid Levels
- Reduced Serum Inflammatory Cytokines
- Reduced Serum LDL Levels
- Reduced Serum Lipid Levels
- Reduced Serum Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1
- Reduced Serum Total Cholesterol Levels
- Reduced Serum Triglycerides
- Reduced Soluble CD14
- Reduced Soluble Receptor of Advanced Glycation End Product Level
- Reduced Statin Discontinuation Rate
- Reduced Subclinical Inflammation Parameter
- Reduced Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake
- Reduced Symptoms Associated with High-Fat Diet
- Reduced TBARS Levels
- Reduced TXB2 Level
- Reduced Thrombosis
- Reduced Thromboxane A2 Level
- Reduced Total Antioxidant Capacity
- Reduced Total Cholesterol Levels
- Reduced Total Cholesterol to HDL Cholesterol Ratio
- Reduced Total Cholesterol:HDL Cholesterol Ratio
- Reduced Triacylglycerol-Rich Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level
- Reduced Triglyceride Glucose Index
- Reduced Triglyceride Levels
- Reduced Triglyceride/HDL Ratio
- Reduced Triglycerides
- Reduced Trimethylamine N-oxide Level
- Reduced Trimethylamine N-oxide Levels
- Reduced Trypanosoma cruzi Parasitaemia
- Reduced Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms
- Reduced Ultraprocessed Food Consumption
- Reduced Unstable Angina
- Reduced Urinary 8-Isoprostane Level
- Reduced Vascular Calcification
- Reduced Vascular Calcification Biomarker Level
- Reduced Vascular Calcification Progression
- Reduced Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Level
- Reduced Vascular Damage
- Reduced Vascular Dementia Risk
- Reduced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- Reduced Vascular Stiffness
- Reduced Vasoactive Drug Duration
- Reduced Very Low-Density Lipoprotein
- Reduced Visceral Fat
- Reduced Visceral Fat Accumulation
- Reduced Visceral Fat Mass
- Reduced Visfatin Level
- Reduced Vitamin K2 Status
- Reduced Waist Circumference
- Reduced Waist-to-Height Ratio
- Reduced White Matter Hyperintensity Severity
- Reduced Yolk Cholesterol Content
- Reduced hsCRP Level
- Regulated Blood Lipid Levels
- Regulated Lipid Metabolism
- Restored HDL Levels
- Restored Lipid Metabolism
- Safe Administration
- Stabilized Cell Membranes
- Stabilized Plasma Cholesterol Levels
- Stabilized Visceral Fat Area
- Stable High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level
- Supported Physiological Function in Elderly
- Suppressed PPAR/SREBP Pathway Gene Activity
- Unchanged Plasma Lipid Levels