2 Insights on

• Reduced Pathogen Growth
• Improved Intestinal Cell Adhesion

1 Insight on

• Reduced Potential Pathogenic Bacteria

12 Insights on

• Enhanced Natural Killer Cell Tumoricidal Activity
• Improved Natural Killer Cell Activity
• Reduced Incidence of Influenza
• Increased IL-12 Levels
• Increased NK Cell Activity
• Improved Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination
• Increased Antigen-Specific Immunoglobulin A
• Increased Natural Killer Cell Proportion
• Reduced Incidence of Influenza-like Illness
• Increased Immunoglobulin M Levels
• Improved Specific Antibody Response
• Increased T-helper Type 1 Cytokine Concentrations

3 Insights on

• Reduced Fecal Microbiota Diversity
• Improved Fecal Microbiota Diversity
• Increased Tetracycline Resistance

3 Insights on

• Increased SalA-like Inhibitory Activity
• Reduced Risk of S. pyogenes Infection
• Enhanced Protection Against Streptococcus Pyogenes Infection

9 Insights on

• Reduced Total Cholesterol Levels
• Increased Lactic Acid Bacteria Levels
• Reduced Triglyceride Levels
• Change in Body Weight
• Reduced Serum Cholesterol Levels
• Reduced Serum Triglycerides
• Reduced Blood Cholesterol
• Reduced Triglycerides
• Increased Fecal Lactic Acid Bacteria Counts

3 Insights on

• Prevented Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
• Reduced Duration of Respiratory Tract Infections
• Improved Health in Children with Allergies

2 Insights on

• Reduced Oxidative Tissue Injury
• Reduced Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Substance Levels

1 Insight on

• Reduced HIV Sexual Transmission Risk

1 Insight on

• Altered Antibiotic Susceptibility

2 Insights on

• Reduced Candida albicans Colonization
• Reduced Inflammation

18 Insights on

• Reduced Incidence of Adverse Events
• Increased Body Weight
• Reduced Upper Respiratory Infections
• Improved Tolerability
• Reduced Constipation
• Improved Weight Gain
• Improved Stool Characteristics
• Reduced Respiratory Infections
• Equivalence in Weight Gain
• Reduced Incidence of Constipation
• No Difference in Recumbent Length
• Increased Body Weight Gain
• No Change in Head Circumference
• Increased General Morbidity
• Equivalence in Growth Parameters
• Achieved Normal Weight Gain
• Improved Growth Metrics Stability
• Increased Weight

2 Insights on

• Reduced Urinary p-Cresol Excretion
• Reduced Urinary Nitrogen Excretion

6 Insights on

• Improved Quality of Life
• Improved Immune Function
• Enhanced Immune Function
• Improved Acquired Immunity
• Improved Health-related Quality of Life
• Enhanced Immune System

6 Insights on

• Reduced Total Cholesterol Levels
• Increased HDL Cholesterol Levels
• Reduced LDL Cholesterol
• No Significant Change in Triglyceride Levels
• No Change in Liver Enzymes
• Reduced Serum Lipid Levels

2 Insights on

• Reduced Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Altered T Cell Migratory Behavior

14 Insights on

• Improved Gut Microbiota
• Increased Persistence of Probiotics in Fecal Matter
• Increased Microbial Diversity
• Increased Lactobacillus Population
• Restored Microbial Balance
• Restored Endogenous Microbiota Equilibrium
• Temporary Intestinal Dominance of Lactobacillus paracasei A
• Moderate Impact on Main GI Bacterial Groups
• Transient Increase in Intestinal Lactobacillus Populations
• Restoration of Homeostasis
• Improved Survival Through GI Passage
• Increased Bifidobacterium Diversity
• Enhanced Intestinal Lactobacillus Community
• Moderate Changes in Gastrointestinal Bacterial Groups

3 Insights on

• Improved Vaginal Epithelial Cell Adherence
• Reduced Vaginal Colonization of Pathogenic Bacteria
• Probiotic Adherence Variability Based on Host Factors

11 Insights on

• Increased Gut Bifidobacteria
• Increased Bifidobacteria Levels
• Reduced Enterobacteriaceae Counts
• Reduced Clostridium Counts
• No Reduction in Antibiotic-Resistant Organism Colonization
• Increased Bifidobacterial Population
• Reduced Clostridium Species Numbers
• Reduced Enterobacterial Counts
• Increased Bifidobacterial Counts
• Reduced Clostridium Species Counts
• Increased Bifidobacteria in Colon

4 Insights on

• Enhanced Immune System Function
• Modulated Immune Response
• Reduced Incidence of Infections
• Improved Growth in Children

6 Insights on

• Improved Blood Glucose Levels
• Improved Glucose Tolerance
• Reduced Hyperglucagonemic Response
• Reduced Renal Sympathetic Activity
• Enhanced Vagal Nerve Activity in the Stomach
• Suppressed Adrenal Sympathetic Nerve Activity

5 Insights on

• Reduced Colitis-Related Mortality
• Improved Phagocytic Activity
• Reduced Thymic Necrosis
• Improved Phagocytic Function
• Increased Serum Alternative Complement Activity

1 Insight on

• Increased Cure Rate of Bacterial Vaginosis

3 Insights on

• Reduced Intestinal Cell Adhesion
• Enhanced Antimicrobial Resistance
• Maintained Gastric Mucin Integrity

3 Insights on

• Improved Immunomodulation
• Enhanced Interferon Gamma Production
• Increased NK Cell Activity

1 Insight on

• Reduced Brain Abscess Incidence

2 Insights on

• Increased Faecal Carboxylic Acid Concentration
• Reduced Carboxylic Acids Concentration in Distal Colon with Lactitol

4 Insights on

• Improved Antibacterial Activity
• Enhanced Antibacterial Effect
• Enhanced Protection Against Infection
• Enhanced Pathogen Protection

5 Insights on

• Reduced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
• Reduced Tumor Growth
• Reduced Proinflammatory Cytokine Production
• Delayed Tumor Onset
• Increased Cellular Apoptosis

5 Insights on

• Increased Serum Lysozyme Activity
• Improved Growth Performance
• Enhanced Phenoloxidase Activity
• Increased Immunoglobulin M Levels
• Increased Acid Phosphatase Activity