1 Insight on

• Absence of Acute Toxicity

4 Insights on

• Reduced Intestinal Permeability
• Reduced Liver Injury
• Improved Gut Barrier Function
• Reduced Alcohol-Induced Gut Barrier Dysfunction

6 Insights on

• Increased Serum Lysozyme Activity
• Improved Immune Response
• Enhanced Serum ACH50 Activity
• Elevated Serum Total Ig Levels
• Increased Skin Mucus IgG Levels
• No Change in Skin Mucus Protease Activity

8 Insights on

• Improved Gut Microbiota Composition
• Modulated Metabolite Profile
• No Significant Differences in Growth
• Improved General Health
• No Long-Term Impact on Gut Microbiota
• No Significant Change in Health Variables
• Lack of Long-Term Colonization of Bifidobacteria Strains
• No Influence on Infant Growth

6 Insights on

• Reduced Airway T Helper Type 2 Cytokines
• Reduced Dendritic Cell Function
• Increased Regulatory T Cell Count
• Altered Circulating Metabolic Profile
• Altered CD4+ T-cell Cytokine Levels
• Reduced Airway Pathological Responses

5 Insights on

• Reduced Adhesion of Foodborne Pathogens
• Reduced α-Glucosidase Activity
• Improved Blood Glucose Control
• Reduced Pathogen Activity
• Reduced Enzyme Activity Related to Diabetes

2 Insights on

• Reduced Mononuclear Infiltration in CNS
• Increased Regulatory T-Cells

4 Insights on

• Improved Gut Microbiota Composition
• Increased Butyrate Levels
• Increased Butyrate Production
• Improved Immunity Biomarkers

3 Insights on

• Reduced Inflammation Levels
• Increased IL-10 Production
• Increased IL-10 in Mucosal Tissue

4 Insights on

• Increased Body Weight
• Increased CD4 Counts
• Reduced Serum α-1-Acid Glycoprotein Levels
• Reduced CD8+ Lymphocytes Count

1 Insight on

• Reduced Inflammation

16 Insights on

• Reduced Salivary Levels of Mutans Streptococci
• Increased Salivary Lactobacilli Levels
• Colonization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SD11 in Oral Cavity
• Increased Lactobacilli Levels
• Absence of Adverse Effects
• No Reported Adverse Effects
• Increased Lactobacillus Levels
• Reduced Bacterial Load
• Improved Lactobacillus Counts
• Reduced Streptococcus Mutans Levels
• No Observed Side Effects
• No Adverse Side Effects
• Reduced Bacterial Load in Saliva
• Reduced Total Bacterial Levels
• Reduced Bacterial Levels
• Colonization of Oral Cavity

6 Insights on

• Increased Fecal Bifidobacteria Levels
• Improved Gut Microbiome Composition
• Reduced Fungal Enteric Colonization
• Improved Intestinal Microbial Composition
• Reduced Enterobacteriaceae Levels in Feces
• Selective Consumption of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs)

6 Insights on

• Reduced Colitis-Related Mortality
• Improved Body Weight
• Improved Growth Performance
• Reduced Mortality
• Unchanged Intestinal Bacterial Concentrations
• Maintained Intestinal Microbiota Balance

5 Insights on

• Reduced Depression Symptoms
• Reduced Anxiety Symptoms
• Reduced Clinically Relevant Anxiety
• Reduced Clinically Relevant Postpartum Anxiety
• Reduced Anxiety Scores

4 Insights on

• Reduced Incidence of Colon Cancer
• Reduced Colon Cancer Risk
• Reduced Incidence of Acute Colitis
• Reduced Severity of Acute Colitis

4 Insights on

• Increased Antioxidant Activity
• Reduced Inflammation Levels
• Enhanced Antimicrobial Resistance
• Reduced Edema

5 Insights on

• Improved Immune Response
• Improved Growth Performance
• Enhanced Disease Resistance
• Improved Antioxidant Function
• Enhanced Antioxidant Activity

11 Insights on

• Increased Intestinal Polyamine Levels
• Unchanged Inflammatory Response
• Increased Polyamine Levels
• Unchanged Inflammatory Marker Production
• Maintained Polyamine Levels
• Unchanged Inflammatory Marker Levels
• Enhanced Inflammatory Response
• Stable Bacterial Populations
• Stable Inflammatory Responses
• No Change in Inflammatory or Anti-inflammatory Cytokine Levels
• No Significant Change in Inflammatory Responses

6 Insights on

• Increased Body Weight
• Reduced Colitis-Related Mortality
• Reduced Risk of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
• Reduced Length of Hospital Stay
• Reduced Risk of Sepsis
• No Reduction in Intraventricular Hemorrhage

10 Insights on

• Improved Quality of Life
• Reduced Depression Symptoms
• Reduced Limbic System Reactivity
• No Change in Anxiety
• Improved Health-related Quality of Life
• Reduced Negative Emotional Responses
• Altered Brain Activity to Negative Emotional Stimuli
• Improved Brain Activity
• No Significant Effect on Anxiety Levels
• Reduced Depression Scores at Follow-Up

5 Insights on

• Reduced Faecal pH
• Increased Fecal Acetate Levels
• Increased Proportion of Bifidobacteria in Gut Microbiota
• Reduced Enterobacteriaceae Levels in Feces
• Modulated Gut Microbiome Composition

9 Insights on

• Reduced Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea
• Reduced Incidence of Loose Stools
• Reduced Stool Volume
• Improved Safety Profile
• Reduced Abdominal Symptoms
• Increased Incidence of Abdominal Symptoms
• Increased Frequency of Loose or Watery Stools
• Increased Abdominal Symptoms in Children Taking Antibiotics
• Reduced Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhoea in Children

1 Insight on

• Enhanced Protection Against Infection

5 Insights on

• Improved Immune Response
• Enhanced Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
• Altered Expression of Immune-Related Genes
• Increased Myeloperoxidase Activity
• No Significant Change in GPT, GOT, Glucose Levels

9 Insights on

• Improved Average Daily Gain
• Improved Growth Performance
• Reduced Harmful Gut Bacteria
• Enhanced Metabolism of Organic Matter
• Reduced Harmful Intestinal Bacteria
• Reduced Harmful Bacterial Populations
• Improved Nutrient Metabolism
• Improved Nutritional Metabolism
• Improved Metabolism

8 Insights on

• Reduced Interleukin-6 Levels
• Reduced Body Weight
• Reduced Liver Lesion Severity
• Increased Fatty Acid Oxidation
• Increased Gut Levels of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus
• Elevated Gut Yeast Levels
• Reduced Histological Liver Injury
• Reduced IL-6 Concentration

1 Insight on

• Increased Abundance of Microbial Fibrolytic Enzymes

4 Insights on

• Improved Gastrointestinal Health
• Improved Growth Performance
• Improved Resistance to Ammonia Nitrogen Stress
• Increased Body Protein Content

2 Insights on

• Increased Adverse Events
• Reduced Clostridium difficile Infection