December 2019 Supplement Research Papers

• December 1

  • Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 feeding of healthy newborn mice regulates immune responses while modulating gut microbiota and boosting beneficial metabolites.

    • 2019-12-01
    • Clinical Trial
    • American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 317(6)
    • • Yuying Liu
      • X. Tian
      • Baokun He
      • T. Hoang
      • Christopher M. Taylor
      • Eugene E. Blanchard
      • J. Freeborn
      • Sinyoung Park
      • Meng Luo
      • J. Couturier
      • D. Tran
      • S. Roos
      • Guoyao Wu
      • J. M. Rhoads

    • PubMed: 31482733
    • DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00107.2019

    2 Insights on

    • Increased Proportion of Intestinal Regulatory T Cells
    • Increased Tolerance to Inflammatory Stimuli

    • Low evidence
    • Animal Study

  • Lactobacillus fermentum strains of dairy-product origin adhere to mucin and survive digestive juices.

    • 2019-12-01
    • Journal of Medical Microbiology 68(12)
    • • Kanwal Aziz
      • Arsalan Haseeb Zaidi
      • Hafiza Naseem Fatima
      • Muhammad Tariq

    • PubMed: 31613203
    • DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001090

    7 Insights on

    • Reduced Total Cholesterol Levels
    • Reduced Serum Cholesterol Levels
    • Increased Mucosal Adhesion
    • Improved Safety Profile
    • Enhanced Oxalate Degradation
    • Improved Survival in Digestive Environment
    • Reduced Mucin Adhesion

    • Low evidence
• December 2

  • Effect of the herbal medicines in obesity and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

    • 2019-12-02
    • Meta-Analysis · n = 279
    • Phytotherapy research : PTR 34(3)
    • • Moloud Payab
      • Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
      • Nazila Shahbal
      • Mostafa Qorbani
      • Azadeh Aletaha
      • Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
      • Akbar Soltani
      • Fatemeh Khatami
      • Shekoufeh Nikfar
      • Shokoufeh Hassani
      • Mohammad Abdollahi
      • Bagher Larijani

    • PubMed: 31793087
    • DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6547

    4 Insights on

    • Reduced Waist Circumference
    • Reduced Body Mass Index
    • Reduced Hip Circumference
    • Reduced Blood Cholesterol

    • High evidence

  • Lactobacillus reuteri Stimulates Intestinal Epithelial Proliferation and Induces Differentiation into Goblet Cells in Young Chickens.

    • 2019-12-02
    • Clinical Trial · n = 108
    • Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67(49)
    • • Shuang Xie
      • Shiyi Zhao
      • Lan Jiang
      • Linhao Lu
      • Qian Yang
      • Qinghua Yu

    • PubMed: 31789514
    • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06256

    4 Insights on

    • Improved Intestinal Mucosal Immunity
    • Increased Goblet Cell Differentiation
    • Enhanced Intestinal Innate Mucosal Immunity
    • Enhanced Differentiation of Intestinal Stem Cells into Goblet Cells

    • Low evidence
    • Animal Study
• December 3

  • The therapeutic efficacy of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12® in infant colic: A randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial.

    • 2019-12-03
    • RCT
    • Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 51(1)
    • • Rita Nocerino
      • Francesca De Filippis
      • Gaetano Cecere
      • Antonio Marino
      • Maria Micillo
      • Carmen Di Scala
      • Carmen de Caro
      • Antonio Calignano
      • Cristina Bruno
      • Lorella Paparo
      • Anna M Iannicelli
      • Linda Cosenza
      • Ylenia Maddalena
      • Giusy Della Gatta
      • Serena Coppola
      • Laura Carucci
      • Danilo Ercolini
      • Roberto Berni Canani

    • PubMed: 31797399
    • DOI: 10.1111/apt.15561

    5 Insights on

    • Reduced Stool Frequency
    • Reduced Crying Duration
    • Reduced Crying in Infants
    • Reduced Infant Colics
    • Reduced Crying

    • High evidence
    • Rigorous Journal
• December 9

  • The effect of dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum on the growth performance, immunity, intestinal microbiota and disease resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

    • 2019-12-09
    • PLOS ONE 14(12)
    • • Hongqin Li
      • Ying Zhou
      • Huayun Ling
      • L. Luo
      • D. Qi
      • Lin Feng

    • PubMed: 31815958
    • DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223428

    6 Insights on

    • Improved Gut Microbiota Diversity
    • Reduced Serum Malondialdehyde Levels
    • Reduced Serum Diamine Oxidase Activity
    • Improved Specific Growth Rate
    • Reduced Mortality Post-Challenge with S. agalactiae
    • Increased Total Serum Antioxidant Capacity

    • Low evidence
    • Rigorous Journal

  • Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii exert synergistic antipathogenic activity in vitro against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

    • 2019-12-09
    • Beneficial Microbes 10(8)
    • • F. Moens
      • C. Duysburgh
      • P. van den Abbeele
      • M. Morera
      • M. Marzorati

    • PubMed: 31965838
    • DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0064

    2 Insights on

    • Reduced Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Abundance
    • Reduced ETEC Toxin Levels

    • Low evidence
• December 10

  • Effects of the Consumption of Probiotic Yogurt Containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on the Levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli in Saliva of Students with Initial Stages of Dental Caries: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

    • 2019-12-10
    • RCT · n = 66
    • Caries Research 54(1)
    • • A. Zare Javid
      • Essam Amerian
      • L. Basir
      • A. Ekrami
      • M. Haghighizadeh
      • Leila Maghsoumi-Norouzabad

    • PubMed: 31821997
    • DOI: 10.1159/000504164

    7 Insights on

    • Reduced Salivary Levels of Mutans Streptococci
    • Reduced Salivary Lactobacilli Levels
    • Reduced Streptococcus Mutans Levels
    • Reduced Salivary S. mutans Count
    • Reduced Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Count
    • Reduced Salivary Lactobacillus Count
    • Reduced Lactobacilli Levels

    • High evidence

  • Inclusion of the direct-fed microbial Clostridium butyricum in diets for weanling pigs increases growth performance and tends to increase villus height and crypt depth, but does not change intestinal microbial abundance.

    • 2019-12-10
    • RCT
    • Journal of Animal Science 98(1)
    • • G. Casas
      • L. Blavi
      • Tzu-Wen L. Cross
      • A. Lee
      • K. Swanson
      • H. Stein

    • PubMed: 31820779
    • DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz372

    4 Insights on

    • Increased Villus Height
    • Improved Growth Performance in Weanling Pigs
    • Increased Crypt Depth
    • Maintained Intestinal Microbial Abundance

    • High evidence
    • Rigorous Journal

  • In vitro Study of Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-1518 in Healthy and Clostridioides difficile Colonized Elderly Gut Microbiota

    • 2019-12-10
    • Frontiers in Nutrition 6
    • • Sophie Fehlbaum
      • C. Chassard
      • C. Schwab
      • Maarja Voolaid
      • Candice Fourmestraux
      • M. Derrien
      • C. Lacroix

    • PubMed: 31921877
    • DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00184

    4 Insights on

    • Improved Gut Microbiota Composition
    • Improved Carbohydrate Metabolism
    • Improved Abundance of Beneficial Bacteria
    • No Effect on Clostridioides difficile Colonization

    • Low evidence
• December 12

  • d-Amino Acids and Lactic Acid Bacteria.

    • 2019-12-12
    • Review
    • Microorganisms 7(12)
    • • Jyumpei Kobayashi

    • PubMed: 31842512
    • DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120690

    2 Insights on

    • Improved Gut Health
    • No Human Health Outcome Reported

    • Low evidence
• December 19

  • The Effects of Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extract Supplementation on Anthropometric and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

    • 2019-12-19
    • Meta-Analysis
    • Journal of the American College of Nutrition 39(5)
    • • Jounghee Lee
      • Mei Chung
      • Zhuxuan Fu
      • Jihee Choi
      • Hae-Jeung Lee

    • PubMed: 31855111
    • DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1691956

    8 Insights on

    • Reduced Waist Circumference
    • Reduced Body Weight
    • Reduced Triglyceride Levels
    • Reduced LDL Cholesterol
    • Reduced Body Fat
    • Reduced Blood Cholesterol
    • Increased HDL Cholesterol
    • Increased High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

    • High evidence
    • Rigorous Journal

  • Are Lactobacillus salivarius G60 and inulin more efficacious to treat patients with oral halitosis and tongue coating than the probiotic alone and placebo? A randomized clinical trial.

    • 2019-12-19
    • RCT · n = 45
    • Journal of Periodontology 91(6)
    • • C. R. Mousquer
      • A. D. Bona
      • D. C. Milani
      • S. Callegari-Jacques
      • K. Ishikawa
      • M. Mayer
      • C. Rösing
      • F. Fornari

    • PubMed: 31799694
    • DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0089

    4 Insights on

    • Improved Quality of Life
    • Improved Oral Halitosis
    • Improved Oral Health (Reduced Tongue Coating)
    • Reduced Halitosis

    • High evidence

  • Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Thitarodes Armoricanus in Response to the Entomopathogenic Fungi Paecilomyces Hepiali and Ophiocordyceps Sinensis

    • 2019-12-19
    • Insects 11(1)
    • • Zhongchen Rao
      • Li Cao
      • Hua Wu
      • Xue-hong Qiu
      • Guiqing Liu
      • R. Han

    • PubMed: 31861642
    • DOI: 10.3390/insects11010004

    4 Insights on

    • Increased Mortality Rate
    • Osmotic Imbalance Prevention in Thitarodes Armoricanus
    • Host Immunocompromise (Thitarodes armoricanus)
    • Nervous System Dysfunction in Host

    • Low evidence
    • Rigorous Journal

  • Correction to: Evaluation of the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL9 and Lactobacillus paracasei 8700:2 on aspects of common cold infections in children attending day care: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study.

    • 2019-12-19
    • European journal of nutrition 59(1)
    • • Irini Lazou Ahrén
      • Anna Berggren
      • Cristina Teixeira
      • Titti Martinsson Niskanen
      • Niklas Larsson

    • PubMed: 31858212
    • DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02156-5

    1 Insight on

    • Reduced Cold Symptoms

    • Low evidence
    • Rigorous Journal
• December 27

  • Lactobacillus amylovorus KU4 ameliorates diet-induced obesity in mice by promoting adipose browning through PPARγ signaling.

    • 2019-12-27
    • Scientific reports 9(1)
    • • Sung-Soo Park
      • Yeon-Joo Lee
      • Hyuno Kang
      • Garam Yang
      • Eun Jeong Hong
      • Jin Yeong Lim
      • Sejong Oh
      • Eungseok Kim

    • PubMed: 31882939
    • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56817-w

    5 Insights on

    • Reduced Obesity
    • Improved Mitochondrial Function
    • Increased Energy Expenditure
    • Increased Adipose Browning
    • Increased Body Temperature

    • Low evidence
    • Rigorous Journal
• December 28

  • Higher dose of resveratrol elevated cardiovascular disease risk biomarker levels in overweight older adults - A pilot study.

    • 2019-12-28
    • RCT · n = 10
    • Experimental gerontology 131
    • • R T Mankowski
      • L You
      • T W Buford
      • C Leeuwenburgh
      • T M Manini
      • S Schneider
      • P Qiu
      • S D Anton

    • PubMed: 31891746
    • DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110821

    5 Insights on

    • Reduced Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Level
    • Reduced Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Level
    • Increased Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Level
    • Increased Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Level
    • Reduced E-Selectin-1 Level

    • High evidence

  • Probiotic and antioxidant properties of noble Lactobacillus brevis KCCM 12203P isolated from kimchi and evaluation of immune-stimulating activities of its heat-killed cells in RAW 264.7 cells.

    • 2019-12-28
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 29(12)
    • • M. Song
      • H. Jang
      • Kee-Tae Kim
      • H. Paik

    • PubMed: 31581386
    • DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1907.07081

    20 Insights on

    • Improved Gut Microbiota
    • Increased Immune Factor Levels
    • Reduced Intestinal Cell Adhesion
    • Increased Enzyme Production
    • Increased Antioxidant Activity
    • Inhibited Lipid Oxidation
    • Increased Immune Activation without Cytotoxicity
    • Enhanced Immune Function
    • Improved Antioxidant Activity
    • Enhanced Antioxidant Activity
    • Improved Intestinal Cell Adhesion
    • Reduced Lipid Oxidation
    • Increased Immune Response
    • Improved Probiotic Function
    • Increased Immune System Activation
    • Reduced Adhesion to Human Intestinal Cells
    • Enhanced Intestinal Cell Adhesion
    • Increased Viable Cell Antioxidant Activity
    • Improved Survival Rate in Digestive Conditions
    • Increased Inhibition of Lipid Oxidation

    • Low evidence
• December 31

  • Probiotic Propionibacterium freudenreichii requires SlpB protein to mitigate mucositis induced by chemotherapy

    • 2019-12-31
    • Oncotarget 10(68)
    • • F. L. R. do Carmo
      • Houem Rabah
      • B. F. Cordeiro
      • S. H. da Silva
      • R. M. Pessoa
      • S. O. Fernandes
      • V. Cardoso
      • V. Gagnaire
      • M. Deplanche
      • Bruna Savassi
      • Alessandra Figueiroa
      • E. Oliveira
      • Caio Fonseca
      • Maria Izabel Alves Queiroz
      • N. M. Rodrigues
      • S. Sandes
      • Á. Nunes
      • Luísa Lemos
      • J. Alves
      • A. C. Faria
      • Ê. Ferreira
      • Y. Le Loir
      • G. Jan
      • V. Azevedo

    • PubMed: 31921383
    • DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27319

    4 Insights on

    • Reduced Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Levels
    • Mitigated Chemotherapy-Induced Mucositis
    • Regulated Intestinal Barrier Function
    • Enhanced Anti-inflammatory Cytokine Levels

    • Low evidence
• Undated – 13 supplement studies

  • A synbiotic concept containing spore-forming Bacillus strains and a prebiotic fiber blend consistently enhanced metabolic activity by modulation of the gut microbiome in vitro.

    • 2019-12
    • International journal of pharmaceutics: X 1
    • • Cindy Duysburgh
      • Pieter Van den Abbeele
      • Kiran Krishnan
      • Thomas F Bayne
      • Massimo Marzorati

    • PubMed: 31517286
    • DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100021

    3 Insights on

    • Increased Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production
    • Reduced Risk of Obesity
    • Improved Gut Microbiome Function

    • Low evidence

  • Chili Pepper Consumption and Mortality in Italian Adults.

    • 2019-12
    • Observational · n = 22,811
    • Journal of the American College of Cardiology 74(25)
    • • M. Bonaccio
      • A. Di Castelnuovo
      • S. Costanzo
      • E. Ruggiero
      • A. De Curtis
      • M. Persichillo
      • C. Tabolacci
      • F. Facchiano
      • C. Cerletti
      • M. Donati
      • G. de Gaetano
      • L. Iacoviello

    • PubMed: 31856971
    • DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.09.068

    5 Insights on

    • Reduced All-Cause Mortality
    • Reduced Mortality Risk
    • Reduced Cardiovascular Disease Mortality
    • Reduced Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality
    • Reduced Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality

    • High evidence

  • The probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum 296 attenuates cardiometabolic disorders in high fat diet-treated rats.

    • 2019-12
    • Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 29(12)
    • • R. G. S. Cavalcante
      • Thatyane Mariano Rodrigues de Albuquerque
      • M. O. de Luna Freire
      • Georgianna de Araújo Henriques Ferreira
      • L. A. Carneiro dos Santos
      • M. Magnani
      • J. Cruz
      • V. Braga
      • E. L. de Souza
      • J. L. de Brito Alves

    • PubMed: 31640890
    • DOI: 10.1016/J.NUMECD.2019.08.003

    10 Insights on

    • Improved Insulin Sensitivity
    • Improved Gut Microbiota
    • Reduced Systolic Blood Pressure
    • Reduced Blood Pressure
    • Reduced Blood Lipid Levels
    • Improved Lipid Profile
    • Reduced Hyperlipidemia Symptoms
    • Improved Lactobacillus Counts
    • Reduced Sympathetic Hyperactivity
    • Reduced Serum Lipid Levels

    • Low evidence

  • Microbiome dysbiosis and alcoholic liver disease☆.

    • 2019-12
    • Review
    • Liver research (Beijing, China) 3(3-4)
    • • Fengyuan Li
      • Craig J McClain
      • Wenke Feng

    • PubMed: 33868760
    • DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.09.001

    2 Insights on

    • Improved Gut Microbiome Composition
    • Reduced Liver Disease Progression

    • Low evidence

  • Effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus coagulans or yeast hydrolysates on growth performance, antioxidant activity, cytokines and intestinal microflora of growing-finishing pigs

    • 2019-12
    • RCT
    • Animal Nutrition 5(4)
    • • Runqi Fu
      • Daiwen Chen
      • G. Tian
      • P. Zheng
      • X. Mao
      • Jie Yu
      • Jun He
      • Zhiqing Huang
      • Yuheng Luo
      • B. Yu

    • PubMed: 31890913
    • DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.06.003

    6 Insights on

    • Improved Gut Microbiota
    • Improved Immune Function
    • Increased Beneficial Gut Microbiota
    • Increased Beneficial Gut Bacteria
    • Improved Microflora Composition
    • Increased Bifidobacterium Levels

    • High evidence
    • Rigorous Journal

  • The mycelium of the Trametes versicolor (Turkey tail) mushroom and its fermented substrate each show potent and complementary immune activating properties in vitro.

    • 2019-12
    • BMC complementary and alternative medicine 19(1)
    • • Kathleen F Benson
      • Paul Stamets
      • Renee Davis
      • Regan Nally
      • Alex Taylor
      • Sonya Slater
      • Gitte S Jensen

    • PubMed: 31791317
    • DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2681-7

    1 Insight on

    • Increased Immune System Activation

    • Low evidence

  • Lactobacillus reuteri protects mice against Salmonella typhimurium challenge by activating macrophages to produce nitric oxide.

    • 2019-12
    • Clinical Trial
    • Microbial Pathogenesis 137
    • • P. Jiang
      • Wen-Tao Yang
      • Yu-Bei Jin
      • Haibin Huang
      • C. Shi
      • Yanlong Jiang
      • Jianzhong Wang
      • Yuanhuan Kang
      • Guilian Yang
      • Chunfeng Wang

    • PubMed: 31539587
    • DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103754

    4 Insights on

    • Reduced Inflammatory Response
    • Reduced S. Typhimurium Infection
    • Improved Phagocytic Activity
    • Protection Against Pathogen Dissemination

    • Low evidence
    • Animal Study

  • The ameliorative effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Y44 oral administration on inflammation and lipid metabolism in obese mice fed with a high fat diet.

    • 2020
    • Clinical Trial
    • Food & Function 11(6)
    • • Yujun Liu
      • Yuan Gao
      • Fenglian Ma
      • Mengying Sun
      • Guangqing Mu
      • Y. Tuo

    • PubMed: 32530448
    • DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00439a

    7 Insights on

    • Improved Gut Microbiota Composition
    • Increased Short-Chain Fatty Acid Levels
    • Reduced Body Weight
    • Reduced Intestinal Inflammation
    • Improved Lipid Metabolism
    • Increased Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production
    • Improved Gut Microbiome Composition

    • Low evidence
    • Animal Study

  • Screening of Lactobacillus salivarius strains from the feces of Chinese populations and the evaluation of their effects against intestinal inflammation in mice.

    • 2020
    • Food & Function 11(1)
    • • Q. Zhai
      • Xudan Shen
      • Shi Cen
      • Chengcheng Zhang
      • F. Tian
      • Jianxin Zhao
      • Hao Zhang
      • Yuzheng Xue
      • Wei Chen

    • PubMed: 31915776
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02116g

    8 Insights on

    • Improved Intestinal Barrier Function
    • Reduced Intestinal Inflammation
    • Improved Immunomodulation
    • Improved Gastrointestinal Tolerance
    • Reduced Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation
    • Improved Colonic Histopathology
    • Improved Treg/Th-17 Balance
    • Improved Intestinal Microenvironment

    • Low evidence

  • Protective effects of Bifidobacterium adolescentis on collagen-induced arthritis in rats depend on timing of administration.

    • 2020
    • Clinical Trial
    • Food & Function 11(5)
    • • Zhexin Fan
      • Bo Yang
      • R. Ross
      • C. Stanton
      • Jianxin Zhao
      • G. Shi
      • Hao Zhang
      • Wei Chen

    • PubMed: 32383727
    • DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00077a

    4 Insights on

    • Normalized Gut Microbiota
    • Restored Intestinal Microbiota Balance
    • Reduced Clinical Symptoms of Arthritis
    • Maintained Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acid Levels

    • Low evidence
    • Animal Study

  • Natural Hair Supplement: Friend or Foe? Saw Palmetto, a Systematic Review in Alopecia.

    • 2020
    • Review
    • Skin appendage disorders 6(6)
    • • Evyatar Evron
      • Margit Juhasz
      • Arash Babadjouni
      • Natasha Atanaskova Mesinkovska

    • PubMed: 33313047
    • DOI: 10.1159/000509905

    4 Insights on

    • Improved Hair Quality
    • Increased Hair Count
    • Increased Hair Density
    • Stabilized Disease Progression

    • Low evidence

  • The cognitive effects of an acute wild blueberry intervention on 7- to 10-year-olds using extended memory and executive function task batteries.

    • 2020
    • RCT
    • Food & function 11(5)
    • • Adrian R Whyte
      • Daniel J Lamport
      • Graham Schafer
      • Claire M Williams

    • PubMed: 32426759
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02284h

    1 Insight on

    • Reduced Reaction Time

    • High evidence
    • Rigorous Journal

  • Suppressive effects of Streptococcus thermophilus KLDS 3.1003 on some foodborne pathogens revealed through in vitro, in vivo and genomic insights.

    • 2020
    • Food & Function 11(7)
    • • S. Evivie
      • M. Ogwu
      • Amro Abdelazez
      • Xin Bian
      • Fei Liu
      • Bailiang Li
      • G. Huo

    • PubMed: 32647845
    • DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01218a

    19 Insights on

    • Reduced Cytotoxic Effects
    • Reduced Pathogen Growth
    • Improved Biochemical Parameters
    • Reduced Cytotoxicity
    • Stable Body Weight
    • Reduced Foodborne Pathogens
    • Prevented Significant Weight Loss
    • Reduced Inflammation
    • Maintained Weight
    • Reduced Inflammatory Cell Activity
    • Normalization of Blood Biochemical Parameters
    • Reduced Pathogen Activity
    • Reduced LPS-Induced Cellular Activity
    • Prevention of Weight Loss
    • Reduced Significant Weight Loss
    • Reduced Pathogen-Induced Weight Loss
    • Enhanced Stress Resistance
    • Improved Serum Biochemistry
    • Enhanced Gastrointestinal Survival

    • Low evidence